【摘要】 生物多样性保护,必须考虑保护与发展这一对矛盾的合理解决,如果要同时满足保护和发展的要求,两者的利益都应考虑。基于社区发展的生物多样性保护(Community-basedconservation,CBC)策略就是在这一理念指导下应运而生的,它强调社区居民在保护行动中的主动参与,使他们的意见和利益能在土地利用决策中得到重视,在社区经济发展的基础上达到保护的目的。该模式在全球生物多样性保护中发挥了重要作用,但这种模式是多学科交叉的产物,其成功关键在于资源管理权力的转移,对有关问题进行了分析。在我国浑善达克沙地退化生境恢复和生物多样性保护实践中,采用CBC模式,通过政府、科学家以及社区居民共同参与,对当地自然条件和社会经济基础综合分析,使大面积的退化沙地草地得以恢复。具体地,在有水分、电力、肥料、交通等有保证的土地上进行高效集约化利用,腾出大量退化土地进行封育,借助自然力恢复受损的生境。同时积极建设生态小城镇,提高社区居民的生活水平,使生物多样性得到保护和草地资源得到可持续利用,在环境改善的同时促进了经济发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Biodiversity crisis is the centralized embodiment of the confliction between development and conservation. It is mankind’s improper use of resource that mainly caused this severe problem. Hence, to conserve biodiversity, a proper relationship between development and conservation, is required. Community-based conservation (CBC) is based on an idea that if conservation and development could be simultaneously achieved, then the interests of both sides should be fully considered. It emphasizes the initiative participation of community resident during the decision process of land-use. Such enables the decision makers to hear their voice and think of their benefits. With their development need met and their life standard improved, the local people will be actively involved in biodiversity protection. Nowadays, CBC has played a more and more important role in the biodiversity conservation worldwide. However, CBC originated from an interdisciplinary science, with decentralization of resource management from the central authority to local communities being the linchpin for its success. Thorough research in interdisciplinary subfields will help its further develop. Here, we report that in the restoration of degrade ecosystem and biodiversity conservation of Hunshandak Sandland, CBC model has been developed through the partition of government and scientist as well as local community resident. A new approach of “nurturing the land by the land itself” was advocated based on thorough research in local ecological environment and social-economic basis. In such a process, only a small part of land with enough water, electric power, fertilizer and traffic is efficiently used to meet the local demand with the help of modern science and technology, while leaving the large part of degraded land set aside to be naturally restored. Construction of eco-city was also a key composition of conservation, since it could help alter land use patterns in some extent which reduced land use press. With the uphold of local government and residents, the degraded ecosystem has been restored successfully, with biodiversity being largely increased and natural resource sustainablely used.更多还原