【摘要】 采用直接吸收法测定了土壤呼吸强度,比较了涕灭威及其亚砜和砜浓度分别为0、1、10、50mg·kg-1时对土壤呼吸的影响,分别在第2、5、7、10、12、15、17、20d测定了土壤的呼吸量。结果表明,涕灭威及其有毒代谢产物涕灭威砜均能抑制土壤呼吸作用,涕灭威亚砜对土壤呼吸具有促进作用。在涕灭威3种不同的浓度处理中,浓度为50mg·kg-1时,对土壤呼吸的抑制作用较强。在3种不同浓度的涕灭威亚砜处理中,浓度为10mg·kg-1时,涕灭威亚砜对土壤释放CO2总量的影响作用较明显。涕灭威砜3种不同浓度处理之间差异较小。涕灭威亚砜和涕灭威砜对土壤呼吸的影响均大于涕灭威,其中涕灭威砜具有明显抑制土壤呼吸的作用。由F值检验和LSR分析可知,涕灭威及其代谢产物明显影响了土壤微生物活性。高浓度涕灭威及其代谢产物对土壤微生物危害性较大,为评价该农药使用对生态环境造成的影响提供了科学的依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soil respiration was measured using sodium hydroxide absorbing method in order to study and evaluate effects of aldicarb and its toxic metaboliteson soil ecosystem. Aldicarb and its toxic metabolites, aldicarb sulfoxide and aldicarb sulphone, were added to a soil at dosages of 0, 1, 10, 50 mg·kg-1, respectively, then amounts of CO2 emission from the treated soil were measured onday of 2, 5, 7, 10, 12, 15, 17 and 20, respectively. The results showed that the soil respiration had been inhibited by aldicarb and its toxic metabolite aldicarb sulphone, but aldicarb sulfoxide was significantly different from aldicarb and its sulphone analog, suggesting that aldicarb sulfoxide contributed to inhibition of the soil respiration. For aldicarb with concentrations of 0, 1, 10, 50 mg·kg-1, more significant effect with concentration of 50 mg·kg-1 was observed. From the value of F, the diversity among different concentrations was remarkable at a probability level of 5%, even very remarkable at a probability level of 1%. For aldicarb sulfoxide with concentrations of 0, 1, 10, 50 mg·kg-1, more significant effect with concentration of 10 mg·kg-1 of aldicarb sulfoxide was detected. In the tested period at the 20th days, the total CO2 emission was inhibited by aldicarb sulfoxide. It has been found that differences among the various concentrations of aldicarb sulphone causing inhibition were little. The effects of its toxic metabolites, either aldicarb sulfoxide or aldicarb sulphone on soil ecosystem, was stronger than that of its parent aldicarb. Aldicarb sulphone had evident effect on soil restriction. From statistical analysis, it indicated that aldicarb and its metabolites had significant effects on soil microorganism. By the evaluation of soil respiration, high doses of aldicarb and its metabolites exhibited more harmful to soil microorganism.更多还原