【摘要】 多氯联苯(PCBs)为一类在环境中广泛分布且难以降解的持久性有机污染物。利用表面活性剂亲油和亲水的两亲特性,将多氯联苯从土壤中洗脱出来,从而修复受污染土壤是当前环境研究的热点之一。文章综述了近年来国内外使用表面活性剂溶液修复多氯联苯污染土壤的研究进展。表面活性剂对土壤中多氯联苯的洗脱作用主要是:(1)表面活性剂通过减小液-固之间的表面张力,将阻塞在土壤孔隙中的多氯联苯分散到溶液中来;(2)表面活性剂通过形成胶束,促使多氯联苯从土壤中重新分配到疏水的胶束核中。洗脱效果与表面活性剂种类、性质、质量浓度及土壤成份有关,通常非离子型表面活性剂效果较好,对多氯联苯的洗脱可达86%。含多氯联苯洗脱液可利用生物降解、紫外光照射及焚烧等方法进行后续处理。更多还原

【Abstract】 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous and persistent organic pollutants in environment. It is the focus of current environmental researches that making use of surfactants’hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties to wash PCBs from contaminated soils and therefore remediate the soils. The progress in applying surfactants to remediate PCBs contaminated soils is reviewed in the paper. To wash PCBs, the surfactants functioned through: 1. inducing PCBs from pore of soil into the surfactant solutions by reduc- ing the solid/liquid interface tension; 2. enhancing redistribution of PCB from soil into the hydrophobic core of surfactant micelles by forming micelle. Research results showed that washing efficiency depended on the type, property, and concentration of surfactants, as well as composition of soils. Nonionic surfactants usually achieved the best washing results, and their washing efficiency could be as high as 85%. The PCB in the washings can be further treated by biodegradation, UV-photolysis, and combustion.更多还原