【摘要】 生态旅游研究成为当前热门研究领域之一 ,但尚未形成自己独特的研究方法体系 ,缺乏深入研究的技术支撑。回顾近 2 0年生态旅游乃至旅游学科 ,使用过或具有应用前景的研究方法主要有 :定性描述方法、生态实验方法、环境监测方法、理化分析方法、数理统计方法、客流量测方法、抽样调查方法、图表分析方法、“3S”技术方法、图象数据分析处理、计算机模拟、数学建摸方法、会议研讨等等。首先从分析生态旅游研究方法构成出发 ,逐步剖析国内生态旅游研究方法的应用、国外研究方法及其演变、生态旅游实证研究等核心问题。简洁地勾勒出生态旅游研究方法的历史轨迹和现时轮廓。最后提出了生态旅游研究方法中出现的主要问题及方法论建设的措施 :(1)稳定并壮大锲而不舍的研究队伍 ;(2 )加强生态旅游特殊矛盾的针对性 ;(3)注重研究方法的可操作性 ;(4 )重复实验或检测已有方法的普适性 (5 )及时总结、研讨 ,不作重复研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, eco-tourism has become one of the hot research fields. The research methods of eco-tourism have been used are: determine the nature, ecological experimentation, entironmental monitoring, physics & chemistry analytical method, Mathematical statistics, tourist measure, spot check, chart analysis, structure model, “3S”(RS, GIS & GPS), academe conference, etc. At the beginning, this paper concisely outlines the composition of eco-tourism research methods: qualitative description method, ecological experiment method, environment monitor method, physical and chemical analysis method, mathematical statistics method, passenger flow measuring method, sample survey method, graphic and table analysis method, “3S” technological method, picture data analysis and processing, computer simulation, mathematical modeling method, etc. Then the paper gradually focuses on domestic eco-tourism research methods’ application, overseas research methods and their evolution, as well as eco-tourism empirical research and other core problems. It also concisely gives eco-tourism research methods’ historical track and present outline. At last,the paper mentions eco-tourism research’s key problems and experience:(1) Theories are not quite applicable to practices.Eco-tourism research mainly focuses on eco-tourism concept, eco-tourism planning, single project and single time point research of regional eco-tourism resources development, and eco-tourism modes and methods’ comprehensive research which is not quite aimed and operative. This causes that tourism industry’s employees, even managerial staff,pay no attention to eco-tourism at all. One insider thinks that, “working in eco-tourism field, what you hear and what you see are all ‘eco-tourism’. However, it is only a ‘concept’ played by theorists, or politicians’ beautiful slogan, which seems to be very far from us. We anxiously hope that eco-tourism’s seducing theories and methods become operative and applicable to practices, and can give direction to our operation and management.”(2) Method itself seeks to be “profound” and “comprehensive”.After analyzing the methods in eco-tourism’s literatures, it is found that many of them are created deliberately to be “unique”, “hard to comprehend” and “profound”, especially the mathematical modeling method which is difficult to be employed by most of the people. Scientific method should interpret those mysterious natural phenomena into the information which is easy to be accepted and used by common people.(3) Research process is not continuous. The problems of “generation gap”, “absent descendants”, “change of focus” are very common.Research process’ being not continuous embodies three aspects. The first one is that most of the elderly eco-tourism researchers employ those comparatively mature research methods, such as qualitative description method, ecological experiment method, environment control method, physical and chemical method, mathematical statistics method, passenger flow measuring method, sample survey method, and graphic and table analysis method, etc. They have done a solid job and left us many classical literatures. Those comparatively young researchers are good at “3S” technological method, picture data analysis processing, computer simulation,and mathematical modeling method, etc. Some of the elderly researchers do not agree with the young researchers’ “ over comprehensive and ornamented ” formula and models, and think that it is hard for young people to do solid work and have prudent study attitudes. As a result, the so-called “generation gap” has emerged. The second aspect is that those scholars who stepped into the field of eco-tourism research rather early shift to other research fields, and the followers start the research from the very beginning, which causes research teams’ “absent descendants”. Thirdly, researchers often change their study focuses. Those researchers who stick to their “focuses” on the study of eco-tourism whole-heartedly are actually rare.(4) Research efforts and tasks are no更多还原