【摘要】 该文采用均相沉淀法研制了硫化铅纳米粒子,对影响纳米硫化铅晶体形成的各种因素作了详细和系统的探讨,确定了合成纳米硫化铅的最佳工艺路线。在反应温度为1～10℃,络合剂EDTA与铅离子的浓度比为1,Pb²⁺的初始浓度为0.075 mol/L,pH为3.0～3.5,Na₂S溶液的滴加速度为2 mL/min及乙醇/水比为1/1的条件下,可得到平均粒径为30纳米的硫化铅颗粒。另外,利用纳米硫化铅作为活性物质,研制了纳米硫化铅PVC膜电极,电极在铅离子浓度1.0×10^-1～1.0×10^-4mol/L范围内呈线性响应,电极的检测下限为6.0×10^-5mol/L。K⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Co²⁺、Cu²⁺、Fd²⁺、Mn²⁺、Fe³⁺、Al³⁺对电极无干扰,而Ag⁺、Zn²⁺、Cd²⁺、Hg²⁺对电极有一定的干扰。更多还原

【Abstract】 The nano particles of lead sulfide have been prepared by homogenous precipitation. The factors affecting the formation of nano-particles are discussed in detail and systemically. The optimum technological conditions and procedure for preparing nano particles of lead sulfide have been established by experiments. The PbS particles of average diameter of 30 nm can be prepared under temperature of 1～10℃, the ratio of 1/1 for EDTA/Pb²⁺, the initial concentration of 0. 075 mol/L for Pb²⁺, pH3.0～3.5, dropping speed of Na₂S solution of 2 mL/min and the ratio of 1/1 for ethanol/water. With using the nano- particles of PbS as active substances, the lead ion-selective electrode of PVC membrane have been developed. It was found by measuring performance of electrode that the lead ion-selective electrode has linear range of 1.0×10^-1～5.0×10^-4 mol/L, detection limit of 6.0×10^-5 mol/L, and K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺, Mn²⁺, Fe³⁺, Al³⁺ are not interference with the electrode. Ag⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺,Hg²⁺ exist some interference with the electrode.更多还原