【摘要】 马先蒿属 (Pediculais)是有花植物中花冠形态多样化最为集中的属。该属主要的传粉者是熊蜂属 (Bombus)昆虫 ;在北美 ,熊蜂和蜂鸟是马先蒿植物一些种类有效的传粉者 ;也发现壁蜂 (Osmia)为其传粉。不同的传粉机制要求某一特定的取食式样储藏和释放花粉。本文讨论了花冠类型的进化趋势与传粉式样和花粉形态的关系。传粉者的选择压力是决定花冠多样化的重要因素之一 ;花冠类型与传粉者和传粉行为紧密相关。马先蒿植物和传粉者的相互依赖与其花冠类型、功能和物候互相适应 ,但花冠类型与花粉形态两者之间似乎没有明显的一一对应关系。通过北美、日本和喜马拉雅不同地理分布马先蒿种类的比较研究表明 ,具有相同花冠类型的种类有着相同的传粉方式 ,花冠形态与传粉式样存在紧密的协同进化关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Flower forms of Pedicularis (Scrophulariaceae) display one of the greatest diversities within a particular genus of the flowering plants. The major pollinators of Pedicularis are the bumblebees ( Bombus ). In North America, floral resources of some species of Pedicularis may be shared by bumblebees,mason bees ( Osmia ) and humingbirds ( Selasporus ) as pollinators. Pollen grains are transferred by bumblebees and mason bees foraging for nectars and /or pollen, and by hummingbirds foraging for nectars.The different pollination mechanisms require very specific foraging patterns to deposit and release pollen.In this paper corolla forms and their evolutionary trends are discussed in relation to pollination patterns and pollen morphology. The foraging behaviors of pollinator selection as a force may have determined floral structure and function diversity. Floral characters are closely tied to pollinators and their pollination behaviors. The functions of all flowers are for sexual reproduction of the plants following pollination and fertilization. Pedicularis plants and pollinators are interdependent in terms of corolla forms, floral function and phenology of bloom. It seems that the corolla forms are not quite strictly congruent with their pollen morphology. Comparison of pollination patterns in different species from geographically isolated regions of North America, Japan and the Himalayas,it is evidented that Pedicularis species with same corolla form have similar pollination syndromes. There exists a high correlation between floral forms and pollination patterns in Pedicularis .更多还原