【摘要】 1997～ 1998年在山西省五鹿山自然保护区内对世界珍禽褐马鸡 (Crossoptilonmantchuricum)越冬期与繁殖期的空间分布模式及其变化规律进行了研究 ,同时探讨了种群空间分布模式与栖息地结构特征之间的关系。经Poisson函数和 χ2 检验 ,发现褐马鸡在越冬期和繁殖期均为聚集分布 ,但越冬期的聚集程度更为明显。通过对栖息地可利用率与实际利用率的比较 ,发现褐马鸡在越冬期与繁殖期对栖息地的利用存在显著性差异 :越冬期褐马鸡对阔叶林具有明显的负选择性 ;进入繁殖期后 ,褐马鸡对落叶阔叶林和灌丛的利用率显著增加 ,而对针叶林和针阔混交林的利用率有所减少。对两个时期的栖息地样方进行判别分析 ,发现草本植物数量、草本植物平均高度、乔木胸径、乔木高度是影响褐马鸡越冬期与繁殖期栖息地选择的主要因子。研究结果表明 ,褐马鸡种群的空间分布模式及其变化 ,与栖息地结构以及空间资源分布的季节性变化有关。在越冬期 ,由于温度、降雪等气候因素的影响 ,草本植物都已枯萎 ,落叶阔叶林的郁闭度较低 ,隐蔽条件较差 ,褐马鸡活动的区域范围受到一定的限制 ,此时褐马鸡常常在郁闭度较高的针叶林或针阔混交林中 ,并聚集形成较大的群体 ,共同取食 ,聚集分布的程度较高 ;进入繁殖期后 ,随着落叶阔叶林郁闭度增大以?更多还原

【Abstract】 The spatial patterns of birds are closely related to the structure of habitats where they live and variations of habitat structure in different seasons may affect avian spatial use. Brown eared pheasant, Crossoptilon mantchuricum, is a world threatened species of pheasant that is native to China. From 1997 to 1998, the spatial pattern and its variations in this species in winter and breeding seasons, as well as its relation to habitat structure, were studied in Wulushan Nature Reserve of Shanxi Province, China. According to Poisson tests and χ 2 tests, the spatial pattern of brown eared pheasant had a clustered distribution both in winter and in the breeding season, but most obviously in the wintering period. The comparisons of habitat availability with habitat utilization among the five types of habitat in winter and breeding seasons revealed remarkable differences in habitat selection. Brown eared pheasants avoided deciduous forests in winter. In the breeding season, they preferred to select deciduous forests and shrubs, while the utilization of coniferous forests and coniferous-deciduous mixed forests decreased in the study area. The results of discriminant analysis on habitat samples and control samples indicated that the amount of grasses, height of grasses, and diameter and height of trees were the main factors affecting habitat selection of brown eared pheasant in winter and breeding seasons. The results also indicated that the population spatial patterns of brown eared pheasant varied with seasonal changes of habitat structure and resource distribution. In winter, due to snow cover and cold temperatures, grasses were withered and the coverage in deciduous forests was very poor, which limited the activities of brown eared pheasants. In such harsh conditions, brown eared pheasants prefered to inhabit coniferous forests and coniferous-deciduous mixed forests, and they often aggregated in large flocks and fed together in habitats with good cover. In the breeding season, as the coverage in deciduous forests improved and the richness of grasses in the forests and shrubs increased, flocks of brown eared pheasant dissolved and most individuals lived in pairs. The tendency for clustered distributions of brown eared pheasant was generally decreased during this time. However, brown eared pheasant showed strict selection of habitats, which led to most breeding pairs concentrating in certain specific ranges with higher quality of habitats to defend territories and build nests. Thus the population of brown eared pheasant still lived in a clustered pattern on a large scale.更多还原