【摘要】 拉卡托斯将科学史分为“内部历史”和“外部历史”。他把能够按照某一方法论加以规范说明的科学史料称为“内部历史” (或“科学史的理性重建”) ;而把一切不能被该方法论加以规范说明的事实(这些事实只有借助于社会—心理的因素才能说明 )称为“外部历史”。对于科学史来说 ,理性重建或内部历史是首要的 ,外部历史则是次要的。将拉卡托斯这一思想同马克思研究经济学史所运用的“逻辑的与历史的相一致”的方法进行比较 ,可以看出 ,两者有着某种内在的一致性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lakatos divides the history of science into "internal history" and "external history". According to his theory, historical materials of science that can be expounded by one certain methodology belong to "internal history" (or "rational restructuring of the history of science") , while the rest belongs to "external history"(these facts can only be expounded by socio psychological factors). As for the history of science, internal history is primary and external history is secondary. Comparing it with Marxs method of "consistence between history and logic", the author finds some certain intrinsic similarities.更多还原