【摘要】 目的:探讨跟骨的形成及各个不同发育阶段的形态、结构和解剖特点。材料和方法:观察30例出生前胎儿、2006例生后至正常成人右足正、侧位X线照片,其中男1042例,女964例,每岁一个年龄组,每组30～98例。结果:跟骨原发骨化均出现在胚胎期23周,出生后已具有正常跟骨的雏形。7岁时,各骨性关节面,继发骨骺和骨性突起相继出现。男14岁、女12岁以后,跟骨的生长基本停止。暂时性发育性跟骨刺,跟骨多骨化中心,跟结节不规则和继发骨骺碎裂、硬化等发育时期的变异只出现在某个年龄段。而跟骨骨髓窦,跟距骨桥和致密骨岛则持续到成人。结论:认识跟骨的生长发育特征有助于某些疾病的X线诊断和鉴别诊断。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To investigate the formation,shape,structure,anatomical feature of the calcaneum in different growth periods.Materials and Methods:The shapes of the calcaneum was observed on anterior-posterior and lateral radio-graphs of the right foot prenatally in30fetus and from postnatal to adults in2006cases(male1042,female964,30～98cases*/year*/group).Results:The primary ossification center of the calcaneum appeared from fetal23weeks.It has been presented a normal calcaneal rudiment at newborn.The bony joint surface and protuberene appeared one after the other up to7years old.The growth of the calcaneum stopped basically after14years old in male and12years old in female.Variations of the calcaneum in development periods(for example,temporary and development calcaneal spur,multi-ossification center and marrow sinus of the calcaneum,secondary ossification cataclasm and sclerosis,irregular of the calcaneal tubercle)only appeared in defi-nite stages.Conclusions:It is very important to make an X-ray diagnosis and differential diagnosis for some diseases to identify the growth and development characteristics of the calcaneum.更多还原