【摘要】 目的　探讨以中华按蚊为主要传播媒介的丘陵地区的疟疾防治策略。方法　搜集江津市195 0 -2 0 0 1年的疟疾疫情、蚊种调查和实施疟疾防治措施 ,用描述流行病学方法分析疟疾的流行特征、流行区类型 ,并对不同疟疾防治措施的效果进行评价。结果　江津市的疟疾流行特征是 :疟疾发病的高峰季节在 7-9月 ,以青壮年农民发病为最多 ,男女性别比例为 2 .16∶ 1,主要传播媒介是中华按蚊。采取“两根治、一预防”和灭成蚊为主的防治措施可有效降低流行强度 ,缩短流行时间 ,但不能完全消除流行周期。从 1986年起同时结合进行按蚊幼虫孳生地的改造 ,效果显著。自 1992年以来疟疾发病率已连续 10年被控制在 1/万以下 ,并消除了流行周期。结论　江津市具有以中华按蚊为主要传播媒介的间日疟非稳定性流行区的流行特征 ,采取“两根治、一预防、成片灭蚊”与改造按蚊幼虫孳生地相结合的防治策略能有效地消除疟疾流行。以稻田积水为蚊幼虫主要孳生地的丘陵地区可通过推广先进的农业生产技术 ,改变农业耕作方式来达到消灭蚊幼虫孳生地的目的更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the control strategy of malaria transmitted mainly by Anopheles sinensis in hilly regions. Methods The data about prevalence of malaria, the types of mosquitoes and the control measures for malaria were collected from 1950 to 2001 in Jiangjin City. The epidemic characteristics and the type of epidemic regions were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology method. Then effects of various control measures were evaluated. Results The epidemic characteristics of malaria in Jiangjin were as follows: the seasonal peak appeared from July to September; the high risk population was the peasants from 20 to 35 years old; the sexual ratio was 2 16∶1 (male∶female). The main vector of the disease was Anopheles sinensis. Through taking comprehensive control measures including curing the patients, extinguishing mosquitoes and taking preventive medicines, the epidemic strength was decreased obviously and the epidemic spans were shortened. However, the epidemic period still existed before 1985. Since 1986, the measure of extinguishing the breeding habitats of the mosquitoe larvae has been carried out on the basis of the traditional measures above mentoned, showing the good effects. Since 1992, the incidence of malaria has been less than 1/10 4, and the epidemic period was disappeared. Conclusion The tertian malaria was characteristic of the unstable epidemic and transmitted mainly by Anopheles sinensis in Jiangjin. extinguishing the breeding habitats of the mosquitoe larvae combined with the traditional control measures can interrupt the epidemic of malaria effectively. In the hilly regions where the larvae of the mosquitoes breed mainly in the rice paddy, the breeding habitats of the larvae can be extinguished by popularizing advanced agricultural technology and changing the traditional mode of agricultural production.更多还原