【摘要】 从学术理路上看，清代的国学较多地具有近代意义上的“科学性”，而王阳明的心学则更多地带有个人的主观意志倾向，所以心学在清代学者的心目中地位不高。从时代环境来看，清代统治者对知识分子的压制和利用，也是导致心学凋落的主要原因。然而尽管如此，王阳明心学所表现出来的精神自主需要仍然隐藏在像戴震这样的正统学术大师的内心深处。与此相反，清代学术讲实事求是的“科学性”，却未能表达个人道德意志的需要，这不能不说是人文学术的一种衰落。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wang Yangming’s Xinxue(Mind learning)was greatly attacked in the course of the academic development of Qing Dynasty.Learning of Qing Dynasty was more characterized by the "scientific nature" which was in the sense of modern science,while Wang Yangming’s "Xinxue" was more inclined to his personal will,and,after all,it was unfavorable to the academic development from the perspective of"seek truth from facts"advocated by the learning of Qing Dynasty.That’s why "Xinxue" was not highly appraised by scholars of Qing Dynasty.However,Dai Zhen’s "Commentaries on Mencius" is noted for its "voluntaristic" tendency like "Xinxue."Dai Zhen’s expectation on the value of this book showed that the desire for spiritual independency presented by Wang Yangming’s "Xinxue" was still kept in the heart of those orthodox academic masters like Dai Zhen.Rulers of Qing Dynasty disrupted the elite culture group developed from Ming Dynasty by means of suppressing the intellectuals and officials and taking their advantage,and this resulted in the discouragement of the intellectuals and officials as cultural elites.Learning of Qing Dynasty strove for "scientific nature" of "seek truth from facts",while it had no requirement for experessing personal moral will,and this proved nothing but the decline of human learning.更多还原