【摘要】 我们课题组在 1 999年进行了一次覆盖六省市的住户调查。本文利用这次调查数据对中国城市贫困的性质和特点进行了考察。通过综合考虑收入标准和消费标准 ,我们把中国城镇贫困分为三种类型 ,即持久性贫困、暂时性性贫困和选择性贫困。在贫困人口中 ,有一大部分是属于选择性贫困 ,即他们的收入高于贫困线而消费低于贫困线。我们对贫困户的消费函数进行了估计 ,其结果显示以下几个因素对贫困状况产生重要的影响 :修匀收入的效应 ;人们防备外部环境不确定性的心理 ;人们为将来投资而进行储蓄的行为 ;家庭对子女教育和医疗服务的特别需要。我们还对三种贫困类型进行了比较分析 ,从中发现预测的金融资产和预测的收入 ,以及教育和医疗的特殊需要都对不同类型的贫困户的消费行为起到重要的影响作用更多还原

【Abstract】 The nature of poverty in urban China is examined by means of a 1999 cross section household survey covering six provinces.By combining income and consumption criteria,three types of poverty ‘chronic’,‘transient’ and ‘voluntary’ are distinguished.A large proportion of the poor are in voluntary poverty,i.e.,have income above but consumption below the poverty line.The estimated consumption function shows the importance of income smoothing,of precautionary considerations in an increasingly insecure environment,of saving for investment opportunities,and of special needs related to the presence of children or sickness in the household.An exercies is counducted to compare the three types of poverty by decomposing the divergence in the consumption of each poverty group from its benchmark consumption.Predicted (in relation to actual) financial assets and predicted (as a proxy for permanent) income,and differences in special needs,are important in contrasting and explaining the three poverties.更多还原