【摘要】 1998到 2 0 0 0年间 ,我们在陕西省洋县应用样方法调查了朱 (Nipponianippon)活动区 (面积约10 0 0平方公里 )内所有正在使用的巢和部分往年的旧巢 ,以及主要夜宿地和觅食地 ,并将当地的地形、水系和居民区数字化 ,建立了地理信息系统数据库。通过对其空间位置的统计分析 ,发现朱显著倾向于在村庄附近栖息。朱的活动区与湿地的分布密切相关 ,而村庄都分布在湿地附近。朱与人类保持一定的预警距离 ,同时也对农民的日常活动表现出一定的适应性。我们分析了朱二十年来的繁殖成功率 ,发现它与巢址到农户的距离无关。而且 ,朱营巢的海拔逐年降低 ,其主要活动区正向人口更密的低海拔农村转移。因此 ,我们认为朱对以人类为主导的山村生态系统有良好的适应性。更多还原

【Abstract】 We investigated the relationship between habitat use by crested ibis (Nipponia nippon) and human activities in Yang County, Shaanxi Province, China from 1998 to 2000.All nest sites, roost sites, and forage sites of crested ibis, which were distributed in this area of about 1 000 km 2, were located using the Global Positioning System(GPS). Data on the location of the bird, habitat topography, buildings, and wetlands were all imported into a GIS database. Comparison of the distances between the birds ranges and human residences to those between control plots and human residences indicates that the crested ibis prefers to live near villages. In breeding seasons, the crested ibis nest sites, night roost sites, and foraging sites were all located around mountain villages; in wintering seasons, the birds night roost sites and foraging sites were situated in the Hanzhong Basin and nearby areas where human density was relatively high. The preferred habitats of the crested ibis are near wetlands and so are all human residences in this locality. We recorded the distance maintained by crested ibis between themselves and humans, and found that they tolerated farmers activities to some extent. They kept a significantly shorter distance from farmers than from strangers(Wilcoxon rank sum test, Z=-3 21, P <0 01). Crested ibis maintain a moderate distance between themselves and humans, and can therefore sometimes benefit from humans activities such as foraging for worms exposed by plowing. The fledging success of the crested ibis is high compared to that of many other birds. From 1981 to 2000 123 nesting attempts produced 363 eggs, 276(76%) of which hatched in turn producing 216 fledglings(78 3%). Based on data listed by Royle et al ., a mean fledging success of 56%( n =29) can be calculated, showing that fledging success in the crested ibis(78 3%) is much higher than in many other birds. We compared annual fledging success of the bird over twenty years with the mean distances between nest sites and nearest farmers houses, and found no correlation (r=0 28, P=0 24, n=35). In other words, there is no reason to suppose that the fledging success of this species is closely correlated with human activity. The altitude of crested ibis nesting habitat has reduced in recent years; average elevation decreased from 1 250 m in 1981 to 821 in 1999, meanwhile the average human population density increased from 22 people/km 2 to 55 people/km 2.This indicates that crested ibis prefers lower altitude nesting habitat with higher human density is undergoing population recovery in close proximity to human habitation. In summary, we concluded that the crested ibis has adapted to the human dominated ecosystem of Yang County.更多还原