【摘要】 研究表明各产量构成性状不仅普遍存在加性效应和显性效应 ,而且还普遍存在基因型×环境互作。但是不同性状其加性效应和显性效应所起的作用不同。其中多数性状 ,如穗实粒数、穗总粒数、千粒重、粒长、粒宽、籽粒长宽比、穗长及株高等性状的加性效应大于显性效应 ,只有单株有效穗数和单株产量两性状的显性效应大于加性效应。所有产量构成性状都存在显性×环境的互作效应 ;除粒长和长宽比两性状外 ,其余性状还存在加性×环境互作。不同性状其遗传率大小不同 ,所受环境的影响也不同 ,互作狭义遗传率大的所受环境的影响就大。一般而言 ,除有效穗数和单株产量外 ,其余性状的遗传率都以普通狭义遗传率为主 ,互作狭义遗传率较小 ,其中粒长和长宽比两性状的互作狭义遗传率接近于零。除千粒重与有效穗数及穗总粒数之间没有检测到显著的相关性外 ,其余产量构成性状之间都存在遗传相关 ,多数性状之间以显性相关为主 ,但加性相关也达到显著或极显著水平 ;环境条件对各产量性状遗传相关的影响主要表现为加性×环境互作相关更多还原

【Abstract】 The results of genetic analysis for yield components of rice showed as follows. (1) All of yield components were affected by not only additive gene action and dominant gene action but also genotype×environment interactions. But their importances differed for different yield components. In summary, for most of yield components, such as plumped number of grain per panicle, total number of grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight, grain length, grain width, length/width ratio of grains, panicle length and plant height, their additive effects were predominant; but dominant gene actions prevailed for effective number of panicles per plant and yield per plant. All of yield components existed interaction effect of dominance×environment, and also existed interaction effect of additive×environment except for two components of grain length and length/width ratios of grains. (2) The estimates of heritability components were obtained for all of yield traits. The heritability components varied with traits. In addition, the heritability was in some extent affected by environment for all of yield components, and larger affected for the traits that there are larger interaction heritability estimates. In general, the general narrow sense heritabilities were high for all of yield component except for effective number of panicle per plant and yield per plant, while the interactive narrow sense heritabilities were low. The interactive narrow sense heritabilities were slightly more than zero for grain length and length/width ratios of grains. (3) Significant genetic correlations were observed among all of yield component studied except for 1000 grain weight to effective number of panicles per plant and total number of grains per panicle. The magnitude and direction of corrilation differed for different trait combinations. Dominant genetic effects contributed mainly to the genetic correlations for most of trait combinations, but their additive genetic correlations were also significant. The effects of environments on genetic correlation exhibited mainly as additive × environment interaction correlations.更多还原