【摘要】 以北庄小流域各观测站的实测水文资料为依据 ,对小流域综合治理的产流产沙及防洪减沙效应进行了系统分析和研究。就单场降雨而言 ,在产流方式上 ,未治理流域以蓄满产流为主 ,治理流域以超渗产流为主 ;小流域暴雨径流量 W与降雨量 P和前期影响雨量 Pa 相关 ,即 W =0 .0 0 0 4 7P1 .794 P0 .786 a ,小流域洪峰流量 Qm=0 .3 797A0 .6 86 7W0 .584 2 ,用此二式计算综合治理的防洪效益为 16.7%～ 3 7.5 % ,削减洪峰效益为 9.1%～ 2 8.6%。就单场降雨产沙分析而言 ,综合治理后日平均含沙量随降雨时间的延后而减小 ,日平均含沙量 Qs与日平均流量 Q呈正相关 ,即 QS=- 0 .0 4 3 6+ 19.2 97Q ,由此式计算治理 10年后减沙效益达 90 %以上。就一般年份即汛期雨量 <90 0 mm的年份而言 ,减水减沙效益明显。更多还原

【Abstract】 The effect of comprehensive harness of small watershed on flood preventing and sediment reducing was systematically analyzed and studied according to the small watershed hydrological data collected from Beizhuang observing station. The results showed that for single rainfall, the dominating way of runoff yield was a type of "filled with water" for the unharnessed small watershed, while a type of "excessive infiltration" for the harnessed small watershed. The runoff of torrential rain (W) in the small watershed was correlated with rainfall (P) and preceding effective rainfall (P a), the equation could be illustrated as W=0.00047 P 1 794 P 0 786 a ,and equation for the peak flow of small watershed as Q m=0 3797 A 0 6867 W 0 5842 . The benefits of comprehensive harness for flood prevention calculated from the two equations above was 16.7%～37.5%, and the benefit for reducing peak of flood was 9.1%～28.6%. For the analysis of sediment produced by single rainfall, the daily average sediment was reduced as the delay of rainfall duration. The daily average sediment (Q s) was positively correlated with daily average flow (Q) and the equation could be illustrated as Q S=-0 0436+19 297Q, the benefit of comprehensive harness for reducing sediment after 10 years calculated from this equation was above 90%. The effect of reducing both flood and sediment was obvious for the normal years that the average rainfall during the raining season was less than 900mm.更多还原