【摘要】 采用小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验及人外周血淋巴细胞、小鼠睾丸生殖细胞、鲫鱼红细胞彗星试验 ,研究了苯酚和邻甲酚的致突变效应及对生殖细胞的DNA损伤作用 .实验结果表明 ,苯酚和邻甲酚能诱发小鼠骨髓细胞微核率的增加 ,并在一定剂量范围内呈剂量效应关系 .苯酚和邻甲酚对人淋巴细胞、小鼠睾丸生殖细胞及鲫鱼红细胞的DNA均有不同程度的损伤作用 .3种彗星试验的结果均表明 ,阴性对照组仅有 2 .5 %～ 7.5 %的细胞出现DNA迁移 ,且迁移距离很小 ,损伤程度为 2 .5～ 8.0 (专用单位 ) ,而阳性对照组表现出 99.5 %～ 10 0 %的细胞拖尾率 ,并且细胞严重损伤 ,其损伤程度为 2 4 8～ 36 1.8(专用单位 ) ,这证明了实验系统的可靠性 .试验结果还表明 ,苯酚和邻甲酚对 3种细胞DNA损伤作用随剂量的增加而增加 ,并呈现剂量效应关系 .小鼠睾丸细胞及鲫鱼红细胞与人外周血淋巴细胞相比 ,DNA损伤程度更为严重 ,揭示上述两种细胞对苯酚和邻甲酚的损害作用更为敏感更多还原

【Abstract】 methylphenol and phenol, two kinds of alkyl hydroxybenzene compounds, are both environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals. It has been reported that alkyl hydroxybenzene compounds are common contaminants and can induce tumors. Whether environmental contaminants are inducing adverse health effects on humans and wildlife via interaction with endocrine systems has gained increasing interest during the 1990s. The "comet" assay,which is known as a test for genotoxicity, appears to be a promising tool to estimate DNA damage at the single cell level. It also provides information on the presence of damage among individual cells. And the micronuclei test ,which has been studied for many years, is frequently used to quantify the exposure to chemicals and radiation. In this paper, several studies were conducted to evaluate the toxicity of two alkyl hydroxybenzene compounds, 0-methylphenol and phenol, on different biomaterials by using the "comet" assay and the micronuclei test. The results of the micronuclei test indicated that both tested substances could induce the micronuclei ratio of the bone marrow in mice. For phenol, the MNPCE(‰)of high dose groups was extremely significantly different (P<0.01) and significantly different (P<0.05) compared with the negative control group, and the dose-response relation was displayed when the concentrations were in a certain range. For 0-methylphenol, the MNPCE(‰)of every dose groups were significantly different(P<0.05, P<0.01) and the dose-response relation was displayed when the 0-methylphenol concentrations were lower than 80 mg/kg. However, when 0-methylphenol concentration reached 80 mg/kg, the MNPCE(‰)decreased. The results of the "comet" assay indicated that the two tested substances could induce different levels of DNA damage on three different biomaterials, including lymphocyte of human, spermary cell of mice and erythrocyte of crucian. The results also showed that the DNA damage scoring increased with the increas of concentrations of the two compounds, and the dose-response relation was obvious when the concentrations, were in a certain range. The DNA damage of spermary cell of mice and the erythrocyte of crucian were more serious than those of lymphocyte of human. Both the comet assay and the micronuclei test showed that the toxicity of 0-methylphenol was stronger than that of phenol, and maybe the reason was that the toxicity was partly related to the different structures of the two compounds.更多还原