【摘要】 目的研究载人航天器通风除湿系统运行参数及一些组件的设计与优化方法。方法建立了载人航天器通风除湿系统的数学物理模型 ,通过设计合适的系统运行参数来及时有效地除去舱内产生的热量、水分 ,防止结露 ,满足人体的舒适性要求。并且采用计算的方法 ,分析了各运行参数及组件对系统当量质量的影响。结果载人航天器进舱气流温度、相对湿度及通风率、舱内散湿量都影响舱内气体的露点温度及舒适性。舱内空气参数的控制有两种方式 :以控制温度为主要目标的设计方法 ,回路中不需要使用余热回收换热器 ,结构简单 ,但有时不能满足除湿要求 ;优先满足湿度控制目标的方法 ,能够稳定控制舱内露点的温度 ,有利于防止结露 ,但系统结构较为复杂。结论在保证系统性能的前提下 ,采用优化设计措施可以减轻空气处理系统的质量及耗电量 ,实现系统的轻量化更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To achieve the optimized design of system operationa l parameters and system components in air ventilation and dehumidification of mann ed spacecraft. Method Mathematical-physical model of air ventilati on and dehumidification system was established. Through the design of optimal op erational parameters for system performance, heat and moisture in the cabin of m anned spacecraft could be removed effectively, dew-ing could be prevented, and the comfort demand of the astronauts could be met. Equivalent mass of the system in different operational parameters and system components was analyzed by calcu lation. Result The dew point temperature and the comfortability depe nded on the temperature and humidity of the influx, ventilation rate, and evapor ation of moisture in the cabin. There were two ways to control the operational p arameters of air ventilation and dehumidification system. The method based on co ntrolling temperature didn’t use recuperative heat exchangers in the loop, and the system structure for the design was simple, but it didn’t meet the requirem ent of dissipating moisture in some conditions. The other method was based on co ntrolling the moisture, and it could steadily keep the dew point temperature in the cabin and control the occurrence of dew. But the system structure of this de sign was relatively complex. Conclusion Mass and power consumption o f the system could be reduced by selecting appropriate parameters and adopting t he measures of optimization.更多还原