【摘要】 闪火是可燃性气体或蒸气泄漏到空气中并与之混合后被点燃而发生的一种非爆炸性的蒸气云燃烧。其主要危害是热辐射和火焰直接灼烧。闪火的热辐射计算包括闪火动力特性及热通量计算。热辐射的大小由火焰的辐射能、视角系数和大气传输率所决定。运用 Pietersen(1990 )热辐射的伤害 -破坏理论 ,分析计算了一起闪火灾害热辐射造成人的伤害后果和对建筑物的破坏后果更多还原

【Abstract】 Flash fire is studied in the present paper.Attention is paid to the consequences of a flash fire.Flash fire is considered in the first part of the present paper as the nonexplosive combustion of a vapor cloud resulting from a release of flammable gas or vapor into the open air,which,after mixing with air,ignites.The basic conceptions of a flash fire are discussed.The main hazards of a flash fire are pointed to be the thermal radiation and the direct burn.The flash fire dynamics and the calculation of heat flux are used in the calculation of heat radiation from flash fire.A mathematical model of flash fire established by Raj and Emmonos in 1975 is used in the present paper (Eqn.1).The calculation of a case of propane in open air is given by using the model.In this case there is a flat rounded cloud which composes of propane.It has 80 m in diameter and 1.2 m in thickness.The percentage of fuel in the cloud is 15%.When it ignited at the edge,the wind speed is 1 m/s and the relative humidity is 40%.The change of the thermal radiation flux on a vertical plane at 90 m distance away from the center of the cloud with the time is calculated.It is supposed that the fire is 30 m high and it spreads at 2.3 m/s.The time of the spread is 34.8 s in which the width of the fire changed from 0 to 80 m then to 0.Some results are obtained such as the height,the view angle of the flash fire,the spreading speed of the atmosphere,and the thermal radiation flux.The analysis based on the calculated results is given by using the Pietersen′s(1990) thermal radiation injury/damage theory.The heat radiation consequences for the degree of injury of people are obtained.Through the analysis it is concluded that if people leave the scene in 30 s then the heat flux injury theresholds of death,second degree burns and first degree burns are 18.42 kW/m 2,12.14 kW/m 2 and 5.34 kW/m 2 respectively.The results show that the flash can not destroy the building at 40 m distance away.更多还原