【摘要】 就覆膜旱作栽培方式对早稻和单季稻病虫草害、天敌、腐食者等的丰盛度与为害程度影响作了研究。结果表明,稻田覆膜旱作可显著降低早稻纹枯病的发生程度,与常规淹水对照稻田相比,覆膜旱作稻田纵卷叶螟为害率、灰飞虱和蚜虫类虫口密度及杂草发生程度无显著差异,但螟虫为害加剧,施肥量仅对照田一半的覆膜田螟虫为害株百分率比对照田提高2.4％～8.5％。水稻覆膜旱作栽培方式和种植密度高低是影响寄生蜂和蜘蛛类密度的主要因子。覆膜旱作栽培方式下单季稻纹枯病株发病率明显低于常规水稻,但纵卷叶螟和稻飞虱、蚜虫、叶蝉等刺吸式昆虫密度无明显影响,各处理田块间螟虫为害率也无显著差异。覆膜旱作稻田杂草中的细毛毡类覆盖度与常规淹水稻田无显著差异,但细双子叶杂草减少,新的阔双子叶杂草增加。覆膜旱作田天敌及腐食者密度低于灌溉田。更多还原

【Abstract】 The effects of filmed ground and dry growing (FD treatment) conditions on the occur-rence/infectiousness of pests (diseases, insect pests and weeds), and richness of natural enemies and saprophagous insects on early rice and singlecrop rice were investigated. The results showed that, in comparison with the water growing rice as the check, the occurrence of rice sheath and culm blight Hypochnus sasakii Shirai disease in early rice field decreased significantly, and the damage rate of rice leafroller Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee and the densities of small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus (Fallen), aphids and weeds were similar, whilst the damage of rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis Walker increased significantly, even half fertilizer amount of the check was applied in FD field, the damaged plant rate by C. suppressalis had 2.4% - 8.5% increased. The main determinant factors of the densities of parasitoids and spiders were FD cultivation and the density of rice plants. The incidence of sheath and culm blight disease of single crop rice in FD cultivation treatment was much more lower than the check, but the differences of densities of sucking insects such as rice leafroller, planthoppers, aphids and leafhoppers, etc. as well as the damage rate of stem borer between FD treatment and the check were negligible.In FD cultivation field, the number of newborn broad leaf dicotyledons increased, and that of thin leaf dicotyledons decreased, and the cover degree of bristly weeds was similar, in comparison with the check. Generally, the FD treatment has decreased the densities of natural enemies and saprophagous insects.更多还原