【摘要】 目的　为使卫生资源获得最大的经济效益和社会效益 ,从卫生经济学的角度对新生儿进行苯丙酮尿症 (PKU)与先天性甲状腺功能减低症 (CH)筛查进行分析。方法　按卫生部推荐的两种筛查疾病的平均发病率、各地平均收费标准、病史抽样以及国家发表的经济统计数据 ,分别计算每种疾病的成本和效益。结果　PKU筛查、低苯丙氨酸奶粉治疗和随访的投入成本为 12 8793元 ,直接或间接效益 4812 6 3元 ,成本 /效益比 1∶3 7。CH的投入成本为 12 9175元 ,节约的治疗、护理、教育费和增加的工资收入为 46 8470元 ,成本 /效益比为 1∶3 6。结论　新生儿筛查在我国体现了较好的经济效益和社会效益 ,值得进一步推广和普及更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective In order to make the best use of health care resources, to achieve the maximal social and economic benefits and to lay a foundation for popularizing neonatal screening for phenylketonuria (PKU) and congenital hypothroidism (CH), a cost benefit analysis of the screening program was conducted Methods Cost for and benefit gained from screening were calculated according to the average incidence of two diseases recommended by the Ministry of Health,mean charge for neonatal screening, sampling extraction of medical history and data published in national economic statistics Results The cost of neonatal screening, treatment for PKU with low phenylalanine milk powder and follow up, the total add up to 128 793 Yuan However the direct and indirect financial benefits is 481 263 Yuan, ratio of cost to benefit was 1∶3 7 The cost of neonatal screening for CH is 129 175 Yuan However the financial benefits including the money saved in treatment, nursing care, special education and the loss of income avoided is 468 470 Yuan, ratio of cost to benefit was 1∶3 6 Conclusion Neonatal screening for PKU and CH in this country reflects a better economic and social benefit and merits further popularization更多还原