【摘要】 目的 :研究超临界CO2 萃取柴胡挥发油和皂甙的工艺。方法 :主要探讨压力、温度、时间、流量、夹带剂等条件对收率的影响 ,确定超临界CO2 萃取柴胡挥发油和皂甙的最佳条件。并将挥发油的超临界CO2 萃取法与传统的水蒸气蒸馏法进行比较 ,同时 ,用GC/MS法对挥发油进行分离鉴定。结果 :挥发油的萃取压力为 2 0MPa ,温度 30℃ ;解析釜I压力为 12MPa ,温度 6 5℃ ;解析釜Ⅱ压力为 6MPa ,温度 40℃ ;萃取时间 4h ,CO2 流量为每1kg原料 10～ 2 0kg·h-1。柴胡皂甙的萃取压力是 30MPa ,温度 6 5℃ ;解析釜I压力为 12MPa ,温度 5 5℃ ;解析釜Ⅱ压力为 6MPa ,温度 43℃ ;萃取时间 3h ,CO2 流量为每 1kg原料 2 0～ 2 5kg·h-1。结论 :超临界CO2 提取挥发油比传统法优越 ,表现在收率大大提高 ,提取时间短等方面。挥发油由己醛等 2 2个化学成分组成。加入乙醇等夹带剂 ,并升高压力和温度 ,才能提出柴胡皂甙。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: To study the technology of supercritical CO 2 fluid extraction (SFE CO 2) for the volatile oils and saikosaponins in Bupleurum chinense . Method: Exploring the effects of pressure, temperature, extraction time, flow rate of CO 2 and entrainers on the yield of the oils and saikosaponin contained extracts; determining the optimum conditions for SFE CO 2; analyzing the oils by GC/MS and comparing the technology of SFE CO 2 with that of traditional steam distillation. Result: The optimum extraction conditions turned out to be ——for volatile oils: pressure (EP)=20 MPa, temperature (ET)=30 ℃, isolator Ⅰpressure (1P Ⅰ)=12 MPa, temperature(1T Ⅰ)=65 ℃, isolator Ⅱ pressure (1P Ⅱ) =6 MPa, temperature (1T Ⅱ) =40 ℃, extraction time=4 hours, and CO 2 flow rate=10～20 kg·(h·kg) -1 crude drug; for saikosaponins: EP=30 MPa, ET=65 ℃,1PⅠ=12 MPa, 1TⅠ=55 ℃, 1PⅡ=6 MPa,1TⅡ= 43 ℃, extraction time=3 hours, entrainer= 60% ethanol, and CO 2 flow rate=20～25 kg·(h·kg) -1 crude drug. Conclusion: SFE CO 2 excels the traditional steam distillation in raising yield and reducing extraction time. The oils are composed of 22 constituents including caproaldehyde, and the saikosaponins can only be extracted with the help of entrainers under higher pressure and temperature. [更多还原