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中国早期对西方双反射八分仪的介绍和研究
Early Introduction and Studies on the Western Double Reflecting Octant in China
【摘要】 约19世纪前期,西方发明于1730年主要用于航海中观测天体高度以确定船位的八分仪传入中国。到第一次鸦片战争前后,中国科学家丁拱辰、郑复光、邹伯奇等积极吸收西方先进科学技术,较早研究和介绍了八分仪的结构原理和使用方法,为八分仪在中国的传播和应用作出了自己的贡献。关于八分仪传入中国的历史及中国学者在第一次鸦片战争前后对其进行的研究和介绍问题,至今尚未见到专题研究论文。该文通过相关文献和资料研究,对这一问题进行了初步探讨。
【Abstract】 This paper attempts to deal with the early introduction and studies on the Western reflecting octant in China.In 1730 John Hadley(1682—1744),the British expert in optical instrumentation,made a reflect ing octant.Quite independently in the same year,a young American glazier by the name of Thomas Godfrey(1704—1749) produced a similar instrument.Roughly in the early 19th century,the octant was transmitted to some places of China.During tha t period,Chinese scientists Ding Gongchen(1800—1875),Zheng Fuguang(1780—?)and Zou Boqi(1819—1869)began to introduce and study the structure,principle and way s of use of this optical instrument.
【Key words】 science and technology exchange between China and the West; double reflecting octant; Ding Gongchen; Zheng Fuguang; Zou Boqi;
- 【文献出处】 中国科技史料 ,China Historical Materials of Science and Technology , 编辑部邮箱 ,2000年04期
- 【分类号】P111.1
- 【下载频次】97