【摘要】 中国国家形成于何时 ,自古以来无定论。自《中国史稿》问世后 ,才定于夏代。人类社会的发展 ,总是一个量变到质变的过程。夏代的生产力并无重大变化 ,仍然使用以石器为主的原始工具 ,不能使以血缘为纽带的氏族、部落和父系家长制家庭公社解体 ,一夫一妻个体家庭无法成为生产、消费的社会基本单位 ,更不能使之贫富分化而形成阶级。这样 ,夏代既不是“按地区划分国民” ,也没有建立“公共权力”机构更多还原

【Abstract】 Since ancient times there was no certain condusion about when Chinese state was shaped. After “Chinese History Manuscript” was published, much controversy came to an end: Xia Dynasty. However, there always exists a process of social development from quantitative change to qualitative change. During Xia Dynasty, there was no remarkable change in social productive forces; stone implement were still used as principal primitive tools. Therefore, clan tribes with ties of blood and primitive family communes with paternal line could not be disintegrated. Also individual monogamous families would not become social basic units of producing and consuming, much less to produce classes by splitting up poor and rich people. So there was neither “dividing nationals by area”nor“founding public power organization”in Xia Dynasty.更多还原