【摘要】 在绿洲的概念及分类这一问题上众多学者存在着分歧。本文提出了绿洲的概念、定义和分类意见。认为人类为某种目的在干旱、半干旱和旱寒气候区特有植被带中通过人为供水所建立的人工生物群落的地理综合景观区称为绿洲 (Bostan、Oasis)。绿洲分布区应划定在干燥度 (Kc =0 .16Σt/r)大于 1.5的地区 (Kc =1.5 ～ 3.99为半干旱区 ;Kc ≥ 4.0 0为干旱区 ,≥ 10℃的积温 2 0 0～ 16 0 0℃之间为旱寒区 )。每一个类型的绿洲身上都有地方自然界的烙印。因此绿洲的分布具有地带性。本文还提出了“八项特征综合分类法”的绿洲分类系统。该分类系统有四级分类单位 ,即绿洲省 (一级 )、绿洲区 (二级 )、绿洲片 (三级 ) ,绿洲点 (四级 )。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on discussion about the definitions, concepts and classifications of oases from the references, in this paper, it is considered that an oasis is a synthetical geographical landscape area of artificial biological community relying upon the artificially water supply in an aird, semi arid, or arid cold area based on human’s certain purposes. This definition includes 4 intensions (concepts): (1) An oasis is a synthetical name of the artificial biological community area in an arid, semi arid or arid cold area, which includes the residents, farmlands, forest belts, orchards, vegetable gardens, gardens, artificial grasslands, parks, lawns, livestock, poultry, buildings, etc.; (2) Oases are the artificial outcomes inlaid in the arid peculiar vegetation areas of deserts, grasslands, low humid meadows, shrubberies, desert valley forsts, etc.; (3) Oases are the synthetical geographic areas or systems including artificial community, natural landscape and cultural landscape; (4)Oases are not naturally formed but are constructed on the bases of human’s ability (including science, technology and culture) and natural conditions. It is also considered that the oasis classification should accurately reflect the local natural and economic features. The type and scale of oases are mainly controlled by 6 factors, i.e. the local climate, vegetation, topography, economic property, water resources, and soil conditions. Oases should be delimited in the areas where the aridity (K c=0.06∑t/r) should be higher than 1.5 (when K c=1.5～3.99, the areas belong to semi arid ones; when K c≥4.00, the areas belong to arid ones; when the accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ varies in a range of 200～1 600℃, the areas belong to arid cold ones).更多还原