【摘要】 基于数字高程模型 ,考虑流域空间的变异性 ,建立数字高程流域水系模型。产流子单元的划分、河网水系的生成及其空间拓扑关系的建立 ,是由计算机自动完成。计算 TOPMODEL地形指数 ln(a/tgβ) i的空间累积分布曲线 ,并对其作无量纲化处理 ,推求各产流子单元的土壤蓄水容量分布抛物线参数 B,构建数字水文模型。全球能量与水循环亚洲季风试验强化观测区—淮河史灌河流域实例研究表明 :数字模型不仅可以很好地模拟流域出口断面的径流过程 ,而且能够模拟土壤水分的变化过程 ,还可十分方便地输出水文要素和状态变量的空间分布。这对充分利用现有观测信息进行水文数据的深层次挖掘奠定了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Digital Elevation Drainage Network Model (DEDNM) of the Shiguanhe River catchment is made from digital elevation model by Martz and Garbrecht method with spatial basin heterogeneity considered. Subwatershed, drainage network, and their spatial topological relations are generated automatically by computer. Then, spatial cumulative distribution probability of topographical index ln( a /tg β ) i in the TOPMODEL is calculated. Therefore the parabolic exponent of soil tension water storage capacity distribution within each subwatershed in the Xin’anjiang model can be obtained by dimensionless processing with respect to cumulative distribution curve of ln( a /tg β ) i . That makes the parabolic exponent in the Xin’anjiang model be physically based. Finally, the digital hydrological model is established. The case study on the Shiguanhe River catchment in the Huaihe River Basin, i.e., the intensified observation field of GEWEX Asian Monsoon Experiment Project, showed that the digital model performs very well not only in simulating runoff processes at any specific outlet, but also in simulating spatial distribution and temporal variation of hydrological elements and state variables (especially soil moisture), if compared with traditional hydrological models. That provides solid foundation for making full use of present observation information and thorough tapping potentials of hydrological data.更多还原