【摘要】 经对河北省中部地区的200多个果园进行实际调查和果农问卷调查，了解到目前果园病虫害发生普遍严重。苹果上常发的病虫害有14种，其中最重要的是轮纹病、腐烂病、碳疽病、叶螨类、干腐病和蚜虫。梨树上常发的病虫害有15种，其中黑星病、梨木虱、轮纹病、腐烂病和黑心病最为普遍。在1985～1997年的13a中，苹果轮纹病和斑点落叶病以及梨黑星病和黑心病在1986，1991，1994和1995年发生程度严重，金纹细蛾在最近7a中危害严重，梨木虱和叶螨类在1989，1992和1997年发生严重，从整体来看，病虫害的危害有逐年加重的趋势。药剂防治已经成为果树生产的重要举措，经调查果农常年在苹果和梨上平均喷药13次左右，最高达20～22次，每667m2土地平均花费为240元以上，最高达750元。因病虫害造成的损失均在20％以上，明确果园的主要病虫害种类、危害及其防治现状，对于从宏观上提高果因病虫害综合防治具有重要的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pest occurrence in orchard happened severely according to the investigation in field and questionnaire from more than 200 farmers in the central area of Hebei province. There are fourteen kinds of majcr pests on apples. Among them apple ring rot, canker, anthracnose, mites,trunk canker and aphides are the severest. There are fifteen kinds of major pests on Pears. Among them pear scab, pear sucker, ring rot, canker and black rot are the severest. During the recent thirteen years, apple ring rot, leaf spot, pear scab and black rot happened severely in 1986, 1991, 1994 and 1995. Leaf miner of apple were severe during the recent seven years.Pear sucker and mites happened severely in 1989, 1992 and 1997. The trend of pest damage getting worse is becoming more and more clearly. Chemical control of pests is an important measure of orchard protection. Ahaut 13 times of chemical sprays in average, and 20-22 times the most, are used yearly, with the cost of 240 yuan in average, and 750 yuan the most. The average yield loss caused by pests is for 20 %. To understand the current major pest species, thedamage and pest control is beneficial for the improvement of integrated pest management on orchards.更多还原