【摘要】 分析了海水的介电常数与海水温度、盐度之间的关系。讨论了风扰海面的统计特性,给出了风扰海面粗糙度效应和泡沫效应对微波发射贡献的理论及经验模型以及实用的计算风扰海面的发射率和亮度温度表达式。分析了微波辐射计测盐时的测量频率、极化状态及入射角对测量精度的影响。建立了微波航空遥感测量海水盐度的理论及经验模型。指出在温度高于20℃盐度高于10‰,飞机保持平稳飞行,天线角保持恒定的条件下,测量精度可达2‰,取得了比较满意的结果。更多还原

【Abstract】 The relationship between dielectric constant of sea water and its temperature and salinity is presented. The statisitic characteristics of wind disturbing sea surface is discussed giving the effects of sea surface roughness and of foaming for giving constribution to both of the theory of microwave emission and empirical model. The calculation of wind-disturbing surface emissivity and the brightness and temperature expression are also given. The measuring frequency of salinity during its microwave measurement and the polarization state and the effect of incidence angle to the accuracy of measuring have been analyzed. Eventurally theoretical and empirical model derived for the measurement of sea surface salinity by air-borne radiometer have been also established. Guided by the theory, a complete consideration for the selectivn of experiment zone has been decided. The measuring precision can reach to 20‰ under the condition when the temperature is above 20℃, salinity is over 10‰ with stable flight and conant incidence angle having got good results.更多还原