【摘要】 <正> 近期文献报道了选择满足ABO₃化合物中B位要求条件下的过渡族元素以及其它元素如V,Cr,Bi等,掺入（YBa）CuO₃中,它们可能取代Cu的位置,可以作为“结构探针”引出与其周围O的2p电子,氧缺位以及Cu、稀土离子等相互作用信息的变化,这有助于对超导微观机理的了解;且从少量过渡族元素和其它元素掺杂所带来的变更多还原

【Abstract】 The microstructure of superconduction materials Y-Ba-Cu-O and Y-Ba-Cu-M-O (here M=Cr,Bi,V) was analysed and the microhardness of the different phases of above was materials measured. The results show that the microhardness of (123) phase solid solution of Y-Ba-Cu-O samples with doping of small amounts of elements is 4 to 5 times greater than that samples without doing. The replicas of above materials were studied by using TEM. We found that the oxide particles separated from the solid solution Y-Ba-Cu-O during the cooling after sintering were smallen than those from Y-Ba-Cu-O and the distribution of oxide particles was more dispersive. The increment of microhardness of the solid solution with doping of small amounts of elements may come from the dispersion hardening of the oxide particles, and may also come from the solution strengthening resulted from the changes in size and valence caused by the substitution of Cu by Cr,Bi and V.更多还原