【摘要】 本文研究了荔枝蝽象(Tessarotoma papillosa Drury)在不同季节期间脂肪体酯酶活力及其超微结构的特点,并探讨了敌百虫对它们的影响。结果表明:1.碱性 磷酸酯酶在新羽化成虫中活力较高,为1.83微克分子/分钟,到越冬期最低,仅0.30微克分子/分钟,在生殖期活力为0.67微克分子/分钟。用敌百虫处理后对酶活力有诱导作用。2.酸性 磷酸酯酶的变化与碱性磷酸酯酶不同,从新羽化成虫经越冬到生殖期,酶活力从高逐渐降低,分别为5.7微克分子/分钟,5.47微克分子/分钟和4.8微克分子/分钟。敌百虫处理后其酶活力有所降低。3.羧酸酯酶的活力变化与碱性磷酸酯酶相似,新羽化成虫为1.48毫克分子/分钟,越冬虫为0.42毫克分子/分钟,生殖期为0.72毫克分子/分钟。敌百虫对此酶也有诱导作用。4.新羽化成虫的脂肪体亚细胞结构以液泡为主,越冬期以脂肪、精原颗粒为多,到生殖期线粒体、粗面内质网大量出现。未观察到敌百虫处理后的生理病变。本文还讨论了有关自然抗药性机理的一些问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 In South China the Lychee stink bog is a very serious pest of the Lychee tree.It passes only one generation each year.It was found that there is a great variation in the tolerance (natural resistance) of the adults to trichlorfon in the spring and winter.In order to study the mechanism of tolerance,experiments were conducted to monitoring the enzyme activity and observation were made on the ultrast-ructures of the fat bodies and the effects of trichlorfon in various periods of 1985-1386 in Guangzhou. Results of studies showed that the enzyme activity of the alkaline phosphatase was high in the newly-emerged adults:the activity being 1.83 μmol/min,during the overwintering period,the activity was the lowest, being 0.30μmol/min and during the reproductive period being 0.67μmoi/min. After treatment with trichlorfon by topical application, theactivity was increased ,indicating the effect of induction. The activity of acid phosphatase was found to be different from that of the alkline phosphatase. From the newly-emerged adults passing through the winter to the reproductive period in the spring, the enzyme activity decreased gradually from 5.7μoml/min to 5.47μmol/min, 4.8μmol/min, respectively. There was a marked decreased after treatment with trichlorfon, particularly in October and December. The carboxylesterase was found to be similar to that of alkaline phosphatase, for the newly-emerged adults, 1.48mmol/min, overwintering, 0.42mmol/min and reproductive period,0.72mmol/min.Trichlorfon also induced the activity of the enzyme.Upon examination with electronic microscope,many vacuoles were observed in the fat bodies of the newly-emerged adult ,however,during the overwintering period granules of glycogen were found,and during the reproductive period linear,rough endoplasmic reticulum network was found to be dominant.No significant change in the ultrastructure of the fat bodies was found in the adults treated with trichlorfon,indicating that the target site of action might not be in the fat bodies.Spraying of trichlorfon twice a year in the spring and early summer when the tolerance of the insect to insecticides is the lowest has been used as a very effective method of controlling the bug for over 20 years in South China and up to the present no resistance to trichlorfon has ever been observed. This,serves as a good example that sophisticated application of insecticides may avoid or delay occurence of pesticide resistance in insect populations in the field and deserves further investegations.更多还原