【摘要】 以无色指甲油印痕法研究了65种C₃植物（包括草本,灌木及乔木）,49种C₄植物（包括单子叶、双子叶）和16种CAM植物叶片上下表皮的气孔数及两者的比率.结果表明,气孔的分布与光合途径有关,也与不同生活型有关.C₃植物有较低的上下表皮气孔数量比,在阳生草本植物中变幅较大,平均值为0.45,阴生草本为0.07,蕨类及乔灌木种类的上表皮几乎没有气孔。C₄植物的气孔上下表皮气孔数量比分别为0.64（莎草科）、0.82（双子叶）和0.94（禾本科）,只有少数C₄植物的上表皮没有气孔。CAM植物的气孔数比C₃和C₄植物少得多,且其上下表皮比为1.01。生长迅速、光合能力较强的向日葵、花生、水稻及一些叶菜类有较高的气孔上下表皮比;生长较缓慢,光合效率较低的阴生植物或乔灌木类则在叶片上表面只有少数或没有气孔。据此,提出可用叶片上下表皮的气孔比率作为判断禾草类C₃或C₄同化途径的辅助指标。更多还原

【Abstract】 The stoma freguency and distribution on both epidermis of leaves of 65 species of C₃ plants,49 species of C₄ plants and 16 species of CAM plants were studied by impression method with colorless nail oil.The results indicated that distribution of stoma on both epidermis of leaves was in relation to the photosynthetic pathway and living type. The stoma ratio of upper/lower of C₃ plants was 0.45 （sun herb） and 0.07 （shade herb）, no stoma was found on upper epidermis of leaves of ferns,shrubs and trees.Plants with C₄ photosynthetic pathway,except a few species,showed a higher stoma ratio of upper/lower 0.64 （Cyperaeeae）,0.82 （dicot） and 0.94 （Gramineae）. Much less stoma frequency was found in CAM plants than in C₃ and C₄ plant,but the stoma ratio of upper/lower was equal. In C₃ crop plants,the species with shorter growth period and higher yield,such as sunflower,peanut and some leafy vegetables had higher stoma ratio of upper/lower. It is supposed that the stoma ratio of upper/lower might be used as an helpful index for identifing the C₄ plants in monocot grass.It was also considered that the photosynthetic rate of amphistomatous leaves of C₃ plants with same living type was related to the stoma ratio of upper/lower.更多还原