【摘要】 本试验主要选取蒙古马的毛样作组织学观察及分光光度计测定。 用哈氏薄横断切片器制成各色毛切片,由此显示毛的皮质中分布色素颗粒的状况,在显微镜下可区别黑色和琥珀色两类色素颗粒。色素颗粒的分布状况及其光学强度决定不同的毛色,但其光润程度又和营养、日光、激素,尤其是甲状腺素的分泌有关。毛的髓质大小和其中的色素块并不影响毛色的形成,在皮质部并没有所谓扩散色素,而是色素颗粒反映在半透明皮质部的一个假象。 光谱测定是将脱脂毛样用1％氢氧化钠溶液煮沸处理,制成毛色素溶液,用分光光度计在475—650毫微米的吸收光带内八个波长点测定,并换算成光密度对数,将其与波长列成曲线坐标图,能较好地显示不同毛色的光学特性。 实验结果说明,有色毛都由两种不同的色素颗粒形成,而且毛色的变化又受若干其他因素的影响。这一观点显然与近二十年来国外在研究毛色与遗传的新发现是基本相符的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coat hair samples taken from Mongolian horses and hairs taken from native cattle arid foreign breeds were used for comparison in order to furnish evidence for further investigation on coat color inheritance. Hair cross sections were made by Herdy Thin Cross-section Device. Eighteen microscopical pictures illustrated that two main types of pigment granules, blaek and amber, exist in the cortex of colored hairs. Dilute black and dilute amber granules can also be distinguished in the lighter colors, which may be interpreted as the result due to oxidation of the main pigment granules. The formation of coat colors is also associated with certain ecological factors. There occures no "diffuse pigment" in the cortex, it is but a false image, thus the diffuse pigment factor in geneties is doubtful. Pigment solutions were prepared from each sample an doptical measurement was cgnducted by Bauch & Lomb’s spectrophotometer at eight wave lengths between 475—650 A. The results indicated a little distinction between black and red hairs. Black hair solution stored at room temperature for days later was gradually oxidized, finally it became reddish. It is realized that the colored hairs are all formed of two kinds of pigment granules derived from a definite melanin. Alternation of coat colors is not entirely controled by the genes, such a viewpoint apparently coincident with the finding by those recently studied coat color inheritance.更多还原