【摘要】 用剥离粉壁的新技术,以扫描电镜观察了禾本等10科30种被子植物的花粉。此法能简单快速获得粉壁的断面、基粒棒的立体结构;能剥离花粉壁的各个层次。可见粉壁各个层次的内外两个侧面上的细微结构;能清楚地暴露花粉萌发孔的多层镶嵌结构。经香港终端国际联机检索,1965年至1985年国际文献中尚无此种观察技术,上述观察结果前人也未曾描述。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present palynology researchers usually study morphology and structure of pollen grains through observation of their surface, sections or specimens from freezing replica(freezing etching)technique, by means of OM or EM. But we have found out a new method—rathe pollen wall separating technique by which two sides of each layer of the pollen wall can be observed. Pollen grains from thirty angiosperm species of Gramineae, Malvaceae, Tiliaceae, Cruciferae, Solanaceae, Urticaceae, Polygonaceae, Rosaceae, Padaliaceae, Leguminosae were observed under the scanning electron microscope by this method. The results were summarized as follows:1. The section cut from the spinae of the pollen grain (Malvaceae) was observed to be psilate and homogenous. The stereoscopic structure of the baculum could be seen when the spinae were pulled out. The tumour of the spinae fromed from connected, enlarged tips of the baculums and then extended radially to from the spinae. The surface structure of the foot layer was reticular. The lumeus were inlaid with baculum, which showed heterogeneity between baculum and foot layer (Fig. Ⅰ—2, 3, 4, 5 and Fig. Ⅲ—1, 9).2. The globule covered only by nexine—2 was obtained by stripping the pollen outlayer along the foot layer (Fig. Ⅰ—6 and Fig. Ⅲ—4,5). The structure of its outer surface was different with different plants. For instance, it was like fine cloud scales for Corchorus capsularis L. (Fig. Ⅰ—7), and Luffa Lylindrica L. (Fig. Ⅲ—5); it was campulitropal Striate for G.hirsutum L. (Fig. Ⅰ—8), and it was like fine grains for Zea mays L. (see other article Fig. Ⅳ—4) and Mormordica Charantia L. Fig. Ⅲ—4). The inner side of the foot layer was psilate. (Fig. Ⅰ—9, 10).3. The globule covered by the intine was obtained by stripping nexine-2 (Fig. Ⅱ—11, 12)and (Fig. Ⅲ—6). its surface morphlogy was different with different plants. For instance, it was fine campulitrapal striate for G.hirsutum L. (Fig. Ⅲ—13); it was like fine plates for Zea mays L. (Fig. Ⅱ—12), it was petal-like for Sesamum indicum L. (Fig. Ⅱ—14 ) and psilate for Boehmeria nivea (Fig, Ⅱ—15) .As to Pisum sativum and Vigna sinensis, their surface was also Psilate but with many micropores on the surface of the intiae (Fig. Ⅲ—16, 17).4. The edge on the inner side of the aperture "F" (a thikened ring) (Fig. Ⅲ—9)could be observed through the inner side of the foot layer. It was inlaid with the ring channel "R" (Fig. Ⅰ—6 )of the aperture on the nexine-2. The edge on the inner side of the aperture could be observed through the inner side of the nexine-2. It was inlaid with the ring channel surrounding the central processes of the aperture on the intine. The processes were inlaid in the pores on the exine (Fig. Ⅰ—9, 10 and Fig. Ⅱ-11, 18). Therefore, the aperture (complex aperture)was shown to be a complex structure with several layers inlaid. Moreover, the apertures on the pollen grain of G. hirsutum L. were double zonotreme (Fig. Ⅰ—10 and Fig. Ⅱ—11). The apertures on the pollen grain of Althaea rossea Cav were pantotreme (Fig. Ⅱ—20, 21).更多还原