【摘要】 在水轮机调节系统中,水流惯性时间常数T_w与发电机时间常数T_a的相对关系,是影响系统动态特性的重要因素。以往对水轮机调节系统的分析、综合和设计,一般都是在T_w<T_a的情况下进行的。具有长引水道(无调压井)或短引水道贯流式机组的水电站,往往T_w>T_a。此类系统动态特性很差,实践证明,一般PI型调速器不能满足系统要求。本文剖析了此类系统的特点,通过理论分析和计算机仿真,论证在不少情况下如增加加速度反馈(PID调速器)只会使系统特性更为恶化。提出并经实践证实应采用滞后校正环节,即I—PI型调速器。本文为改造现有PI调速器以适应此类系统需要提出了技术途径,也为今后设计此类系统的新型调速器提供了理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The relative relation between time constant of water conduit T_w and time constant of rotation T, is an important factor to determine the dynamic characteristic of water turbine governing systems. Formerly, the analysis and synthesis of governing systems are usually based on the condition of T_w>T_a.The relation T_w>T_A usually meets the case that water power stations are constructed in long conduit (without surge tank) form or short conduit and bulb turbine generator. The dynamic characteristic of such systems is poor and it can’t even be operated by using ordinary PⅠ governor. Based on the theoretical analysis and computer simulation, the authors have demonstrated that the performance of T_w>T_a system becomes worse by adding acceleration feedback(PID governor). In order to improve the performance, the lag block(Ⅰ-PⅠ governor) should be adopted under this condition.The technical measure of reconstructing ordinary PI governor to suit such systems is shown in the paper and the theoretic basis for designing new type governor of such systems is also offered.更多还原