【摘要】 <正> 近十年来,我国长江流域小麦产量增长较快,但多数地区存在“高而不稳”的问题。影响稻茬麦稳产高产的因素,主要是雨多湿害,土壤供肥力不足、物理性状不良,耕作栽培粗放和病虫杂草的危害等。南方大多数地区,小麦生育期的降雨量大大超过小麦一生的生理需水量,尤其是春雨过多,造成中后期不能正常生长和发育,加之稻田种麦地势更多还原

【Abstract】 In the southern part of China, wheat cultivation began in the 3rd century B.C. The cropping system of rice-wheat was established in the dynasties of Sui and Tang (589—907 A.D.) , but its great development occurred only after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. In recent years,the total wheat area under this cropping system is around 134.1 million mu. Its average yield reaches 357.5 jin per mu (1982), in excess of the per unit area yield level of the whole country.The acreage planted in last few years was equal to 33.2% of the total wheat arca and the total yields under this cropping system rcached 37% of the total production of wheat in China. Hence, this system occupies a very important position in the ccreal production in our country.The yields of wheat in the middle lower valley of Yangtze River increased rapidly within the last ten years, but the yield was unstable, being influenced by poor drainage, low soil fertility, rough tillage practices, and insect pests and diseases as well as weed invasion.The excessive rainfall during the growing period of wheat especially in spring would influence its normal growth and development and result in a poor harvest.In view of these facts, the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences has conducted research work for many years and concluded that the following measures should be taken for a stable and high yield of wheat production after rice.(A) To carry out a proper distribution and combination of crops and choose suitable wheat varieties;(B) To prevent the injury due to excess moisture and ensure an environment for a high and stable yield of wheat;(C) To bring about a rational density of wheat and to establish a proper population structure for high yields;(D) To apply fertilizers reasonably and economically;(E) To carry oat integratcd control of diseases, pests and weeds.更多还原