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云南稻种资源的综合研究与利用 Ⅱ.亚洲栽培稻分类的再认识
STUDIES ON THE INDIGENOUS RICES IN YUNNAN AND THEIR UTILIZATION Ⅱ.A revised classification of Asian cultivated rice
【摘要】 本文开始对栽培植物的分类标准作了简要的归纳,并在回顾亚洲栽培稻分类的历史中,对各学者的功绩和得失进行了评述。在总结前人工作的基础上,根据自己的经验和试验结果,提出依种——亚种——生态群——生态型——品种顺序的5级分类系统,明确指出亚洲栽培稻应只分籼、粳两个亚种,爪哇型、光壳稻和普通稻是粳亚种下的生态群,对生态群下的生态型也作了扼要的叙述。试验观察的结果还表明爪哇型和光壳稻在稻种演化上比普通稻要原始一些。对籼亚种下的生态群则根据其在热带地区的生态特点,提出了初步设想,其中 aus 型也应是籼亚种下的一个生态群。作者等主张作物的分类应该将形态、生态和利用综合于一体,在按上述系统分类时,虽然为了应用上的方便,强调从主要的状态指标入手,但也指出了形态上的变化是多种多样和常常是连续性的,其组合亦多,完全依形态分类容易引起繁琐。因此,必须把主要形态指标和生态群、生态型的生态分布及栽培利用上的特点结合起来,多强调其共性方面,而把一些次要的形态差异作为品种的识别性状。文中叙述了区别籼粳的几个主要指标,同时指出任何单一性状,包括区别籼、粳亚种的杂交亲和力,都不是绝对的,只有采取综合鉴定才能获得最好的效果。对一些形态上不易区分籼粳和与籼粳杂交都有较高亲和?
【Abstract】 This article deals with the usefulness of previously adopted systemsin the classification of rice cultivars,and puts forward the following sy-stematic categories:species-subspecies-ecogroup-ecotype-cultivar.The authors have suggested that the cultivated rice should be classi-fied into only two subspecies,i.e.,Oryza sativa L.emond.subsp.hsienTing(indica)and O.sativa L.emond subsp.keng Ting(japonica),asthey were first named by the ancient Chinese people and have come intouse from the Han dynasty to the present.Javanica,nuda,and communis areecogroups belonging to subspecies keng.Ecotypes under each of them areenumerated with brief descriptions.Experimental evidence showed that thejavanica and nuda ecogroups were more primitive than communis.As forsubspecies hsien,in view of different growing habits in tropical countries,the three seasonal types traditionally set up in India,i.e.,aus(sown inspring),aman(sown in summer)and boro(sown in winter)can be ad-opted as main ecogroups.The major criteria discriminating between the hsien and keng subspec-ies are described in some details.They are shape of grain,hairiness ofglume,glume color at heading,and phenol reaction.Any single charact-er,including F1 fertility,gives no reliable judgement in identifying thetwo subspecies.The best discrimination is due to character combinations.There are a few rice varieties which can not be readily classified asthe hsien or keng type morphologically,and some show high F1 fertilitywhen cross with both hsien and keng varieties.They are considered to bethe outcome of nonsynchronous evolution between morphological and ge-netic differentiaton,or they may be varieties not fully differentiated intosubspecies.
- 【文献出处】 作物学报 ,Acta Agronomica Sinica , 编辑部邮箱 ,1984年04期
- 【被引频次】155
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