【摘要】 黑暗是花生入地结荚的必要条件,机械刺激也可使处于光照下的子房膨大形成荚果。黑暗或机械刺激单独可使花生结荚,不必同时存在。这种地上荚果的种子发育充分,可正常发芽生长。红、绿、蓝和紫色光线以及弱光可使子房大大延长,但只略微膨大,发育不正常。花生荚果在土中发育到子叶形成期及真叶分化期后,已经完成入地结荚的特殊内在要求。可以认为,子叶形成期及真叶分化期是花生入地结荚的阈时。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is well known that peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) flower fertilization takes place above the soil, followed by development of a subterranean pod, but the physiological mechanism of subterranean pod formation is far from being fully understood. The purpose of the present study is to examine the essential external condition and the threshold time for pod formation of the peanut plant. Peanut cv. Yue-you No. 551 was grown in the field and potsin 1980 and 1981.1. From the data recorded in Fig. 2-4, it can be seen that ovary enlargement is inhibited by light and promoted by darkness, so darkness is one of the essential external conditions for the formation of pod. The seed in the epigeal pod developed in darkness matures fully and germinates normally (Fig. 5).2. The results of the experiment about the effect of different light intensity on pod formation indicate that the weaker the light intensity is, the better the pod develops. When the ovary is stimulated by various monochromatic lights, abnormal pod results, with the ovary slightly enlarged but much elongated. The pod development takes place in the following order: black, red, green, blue and violet, and next white (Table 1, Fig. 6).3. Mechanical stimulus to the ovary of the peanut by light stroking of the peg with hand daily also results in the formation of pod in sunshine (Fig. 7). This result indicated that the stimulus is another external condition for pod formation. The seeds in epigeal pods developed by hand stroking stimulation are also able to mature fully (Fig. 8) just as those formed by dark stimulation as described above. From the data of intact plant experiments and of experiments with peg explants cultured in vitro, the authors consider that pod formation can be independently promoted by either darkness or mechanical stimulus and that there is no need for the presence of both stimuli at the same time as stated by Zamski et al. (1976).4. It is not necessary to keep the ovary in darkness throughout all the development stages of pod formation. When the peanut pod has developed to cotyledonformation stage and leaf-differentiation stage in soil (20～25 days after the peg has penetrated into the soil), the internal condition required for subterranean pod formation is already adequate. If the pod is transferred to a place under sunshine afterwards, it can fully mature (Table 2). The peroid from cotyledon-formation stage and leaf-differentiation stage, therefore, should be consider as the threshold time for the formation of subterranean peanut pods.更多还原