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中子星内部的引力性质

Gravitatiomal Properties in a Neutron Star

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【作者】 王永久沈有根徐邦清

【Author】 Wang Yongjiu Shen Yougen Xu Bangqing

【机构】 长沙铁道学院上海建设银行中国科学院原子能研究所

【摘要】 在广义相对论中,中子星的有效引力质量由TOV 流体静力学平衡方程求出,其态方程为p=p(ρ),对于不可压缩流体模型,当ρ=const 时,表面上p=0,TOV 方程可精确积分(Buchdahl,1959) 。对于状态方程p=ρm2c2F(ρ/ρm),当中心密度为ρc 时,可求得(Wasserman,1975)M(ρc)=c3/4π1/2 G3/2 1/ρm1/2 S(ρcm),式中S(ρcm)是一个依于p(ρ)形式的无量纲函数,此时Mmax=const/ρ1/2 。本文根据NHN 场方程求出了一组内解,此解中不存在有限空间内的奇点。还得到了与上述结果一致的且满足物理条件的下述结果:p=e-C(?)2 /16π(3C1+1/r2) -1/r2,ρ=e-C(?)2 /16π(5C1-1/r2) +1/r2,度规为ds2=e(?)dt2-e(?)dr2-r2(dθ2+sin2θd(?)2) .在我们这一工作以前,Recently Efinger(1965) 、Kyle and Martin(1967)以及Wilson(1969) 曾得到广义相对论的静止带电流体球的内部解,但这些解中没有一个是无奇点的。在Efinger 的解中,在原点(r=0) 处度规有一个奇点,Kyle 和Martin 及Wilson 的解虽然在r=0处没有奇点。但在原点以外,度规可以有奇点,以致于必须对球加以限制,以避开它们。以上学者们都在各自的文章中详细地论述了这些可能的奇点。我们在这里应用NHN 场方程,以一种特殊简捷的方式,得到了一个到处无奇点的解,从而揭示这种模型的中子星内部的引力场(时空)性质。

【Abstract】 Let us examine the general relativistic problem of calculating the massof a neutron star given its equation of state.The active gravitational massof a spherically symmetric(non-Rotating)neutron star in GR is found bysolving the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff hydrostatic equilibrium equation.(dp)/(dr)=-(GM(r)ρ(r)/r2) [1+(p(r)/ρ(r)c2) ][1+(4πr3p(r)/M(r)c2) ][1-(2GM(r)/rc2) ]-1 .With the defintion of the mass M(r) interior to rM(r)|=∫0r 4πr′2ρ(r′)dr′and assuming an eguation of state p=p(ρ)and a boundary condition suchas p(R)=0,a unigue value of the star mass M and radius R arises for eachchosen central density ρc.We have obtained here a singularity-free solution for a static fluidsphere in NHN-theory.The solution satisfies physical condition inside thesphere.Recentry Efinger(1965) ,Kyle and Martin(1967) and Wilson(169) havefound internal solutions for static charged spheres in general relativity, butnone of these solutions is absolutely free from singularities.In Efinger’ssolution the metric has a singularity at the origin(r=0) .Solutions due toKyle and Wartin and Wilson do not have singularity at the r=0. But inboth cases the metric may have singularities at points other than the origin,so that restrictios have to be imposed on the sphere to avoid them.Theyhave dealt in detail in their respective papers with these possible singularities.We getds2=ec1r2+c3dt-ec1r2 dr2(dθ2-sin2θdφ2) ,p=(e-c1r2 /16π)(3C1+(1/(r2) ))-(1/r2) ,ρ=(e-c1r2 /16π)(5C1-(1/r2) +(1/r2) .

  • 【文献出处】 长沙铁道学院学报 , 编辑部邮箱 ,1983年02期
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