【摘要】 1974年,在重庆油橄榄园初次发生油橄榄孔雀斑病,病原菌为环黑星霉属的Spilocaea oleaginea(Cast.)Hugh.(Cycloconium oleaginum Cast.)。分生孢子梗烧瓶状,基部膨大,颈端有圆柱状环痕,灰褐至深褐色;分生孢子黄褐色,短倒棒状,典型双胞,截形基部,大于20.36×9.33微米。分生孢子萌发进程较长。在水滴中萌发仅6.48%;1%菊萄糖液滴萌发最高,为57.55%。测定结果表明,分生孢子萌发温度范围为6～28℃,最适温度为16～20℃。16～20℃接种时,潜育期最短,12天,7～11℃潜育期延长至30～39天。可以认为,此菌属于温度偏低的真菌。在一年之内,病斑上均有分生孢子存在,其病原菌以分生孢子和菌丝体越冬、越夏,作为初次侵染来源。园内分生孢子年周期出现两个数量高峰:6月上旬～7月上旬和10月上句～11月上旬,从而形成春、秋发病期。在适温下,分生孢子消长规律取决于相对湿度和降雨频度。通过45次1341块组织分离培养表明,分离较难,菌落生长极慢,40～55天,在病斑正面上产生灰黑绒色菌落;再经16～31天,首次成功获得一定数量的分生孢子。但在自然病叶病斑上分生孢子是大量的。由此可见,油橄榄孔雀斑病原菌是一种寄生性较强的真菌。更多还原

【Abstract】 Olive peacock’s eye disease, caused by Spilocaea oleaginea (Cast.)Hugh. (Cycloconium oleaginum Cast.) in olive (Olea europaea L.)aws firstreported in Chungking in 1974. The process of germination of the conidia is comparatively long. In-vestigation shows that the % of germination in water is low (6.48%)while in 1% glucose liquid is high (57.55%). In laboratory tests conidia germinated in the temperature range 6 to28℃, with an optimum at 16 to 20℃.The incubation periods varied withtemperature, 12-19 days at 17-24℃ and longer to 30-39 days or 2-5 mon-ths at below 10℃. The production of conidia continues in the leaf spot all the yearround. The production of conidia reaches a peak from the first ten daysof June to the first ten days of July and another peak in the first tendays of October to the first ten days of November. The number ofconidia appeared to be correlated also to teh season time, relative humidity, and rainfall.更多还原