【摘要】 花生锈病在广东省始见于1956年。1970年后迅速蔓延流行,致使花生产量遭受严重损失,轻病年损失约15%,大流行年损失为25—59%。本病原菌能侵害花生叶片、叶柄、托叶、茎、果柄及荚壳。在花生植株上只产生夏孢子,其发芽适温为24.5—28℃,致死温度为50℃,10分钟。未发现冬孢子。在24.5—26.5℃接种,潜育期为6—8天,21℃以下和29℃以上相应延长。在冬、春季室温条件下,夏孢子可贮存120—150天。强烈光照对夏孢子发芽有抑制作用。病原菌多数从寄主气孔侵入,也能通过表皮细胞间隙侵入。花生锈病的流行,与菌源、气候、品种的抗病性、栽培技术等条件关系密切,而湿度则是我省花生锈病流行的主导因素。春植花生锈病的初次侵染源来自秋植花生落粒病苗、病藤和带病荚果,而落粒病苗是主要侵染来源。鉴定了国内约1000个花生品种,未发现兔疫或高度抗锈的品种,但品种间的抗病力有明显的差异。种植抗病品种,春植花生早播,秋植花生适当迟播,发病初期每隔8—10天喷药一次,连续3—4次,有显著防效。供试药剂以“百菌清”防效最好。更多还原

【Abstract】 Peanut rust(Puccinia arachidis Speg.)was first found in Guang-dong in 1956,and has become epiphytotic since 1970,causing 25—59%in yield losses.The rust fungi infect leaflets,petioles,stipules,pegs,and hulls,producing typical pustules.Only uredospores have been observed.Theoptimum temperature for uredospore germination is 24.5—28℃;thethermal death point is 50℃.The incubation period is 6—8 days at 24.5—26.5℃,and longer at 21℃ and 29℃.Uredospores on leaflets,kept in 21—25℃,retained germinabilityand infectibility for 120—150 days.Intensive sun light inhibits sporegermination.Penetration mostly takes place through stomatal opening of theleaflets,but may also through the intercellular space of the epidermis.The amount of rainfall and retention of dew period play an impor-tant role in the disease development,as the temperature is favorable forthe rust fungi during the growing season.Volunteer rusted plants,in-fected crop debris,diseased hulls are the primary sources of inoculum,the first mentioned source being the most important.About 1000 cultivars of peanuts have been screened for resistance,none is highly resistant,but differs greatly in susceptibility among thevarieties tested.Early planting in the spring,late planting in the autumn,usingresistant varieties,spraying at 8—10 days intervals for 3—4 timesduring the period of disease on set,may significantly reduce the indidenceof the disease and increase yields.Daconil is the most efficient fungi-cide of all the chemicals tested.更多还原