【摘要】 石油乳液一般是油包水型,其中天然存在的水或盐水的细滴分散在作为连续相的油中。这些乳液通常非常稳定,而且长期存放不会介除。本文是关于原油在开采过程中遇到的石油乳液的处理,目的是使油从水中分离出来。乳化型石油破乳剂 UH6535能介除油包水型石油乳液,它在油水界面上有表面活性,可以引起或帮助乳液破乳。本文介绍一种油包水型石油乳液的破乳过张,过程的特点是用一种油溶性的超高分子量的聚氧化烯烃的乳化型破乳剂 UH6535,所谓聚氧化烯烃是由氧化烯烃聚合而成,采用的催化剂包括:(1)一种有机铝化合物如三乙基铝。(2)一种螯合剂如乙酰丙酮。(3)水。当有机铝化合物与水和一个螯合剂反应时,可作为氧化烯烃聚合的极好的催化剂。这个聚合过程通常能生成高聚物,有时得到的产品溶液其特性粘度比需要的过高。这给应用带来了很多麻烦。本文介绍一种改良的催化体系,并简要地引入一种聚合的机理。不仅可能制备一种低平均分子量的 UH6535的聚合物([η]=1.4～2)而且产物可以被水乳化。乳化型石油乳剂 UH6535是一种比其他商品更有效的破乳剂。它比单纯的溶剂型UH6535要好得多,这就使它在工业上非常有用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Petroleum emulsions,in general,are of the water-in-oil type;Whe- rein the oil acts as a continuous phase for the dispersal of fine Particles of natural water or brine.These emulsions are often extremely stable and will not resolve on long stand. This article relates to the treatment of Petroleum emulsions commonly encountered in the recovery of crude oil for the purpose of separating the oil from the water. The emulsifying type UH6535 can resolve water-in-oil petroleum emulsions,It is surface-active at oil-water interfaces to cause or aid the emulsion to break. This article describes a process of demulsifying the water-in-oil petroleum emulsion,which is characterized by the use of a emulsifying type demulsifer UH6535,a hydrophobic ultra-high molecular weight poly- oxirane.The so-called polyoxirane is prepared by polymeriziny an oxirane with a catalyst system comprising: (1)An organoaluminum compound such as tri-ethylaluminum. (2)A chelating agent such as acetylacetone. (3)Water. Organoaluminum compounds when reacted with water and a chelating agent are excellent catalysts for the copolymerization of oxiranes.The process frequently results in high polymer,but sometemes it happens that a solution with a much higher intrinsic viscosity than needed may be yiel- ded.It causes a lot of troubles for application. This article describes the use of an improved catalyst system and introduces briefly a polymeric reaction mechanism.It is possible to prepare the polymer UH6535,which is not only low in average molecular weight, but also can be emulsified by water. Emulsifying type petroleum demulsifer UH6535 is more efficient than other commerical demulsifers.It is much better than simple solvent type UH6535,which makes it very useful in industry.更多还原