【摘要】 为了进一步检验线粒体杂种优势和线粒体互补作用在预测杂种产量潜力的可以靠性,我们测定了三十六套具有不同杂种优势的杂种组合。其中:小麦三十六套;玉米十四套;高梁六套。线粒体用27℃暗中培养2——3天的黄化芽鞘制备,采用华勃呼吸计测定线粒体氧化活性。小麦的线粒体互补测定结果与杂种的田间表现很不一致。玉米单交种和自交系亲本等比混合线粒体活性大多显著而于其单独亲本的线粒体活性;而双交种玉米则不表现出线粒体杂种优势和线粒体互补作用。具有强杂种优势的杂交高梁,也观察到线粒体互补现象。看来,线粒体杂种优势和线粒体互补现象在某些杂交组合中似乎是存在的,但还不能认为这种现象是一种普遍规律。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the mitochondral heterosis and complementation were proposedas biochemical measurments of relative yield potential for F₁ hybrid,much attention has been paid to those phenomena among plant breeders.The results published thus far, however, were contradictory. In orderto examine the validity of mitochondrial heterosis and complementation,experiments were carried out with 56 hybrid - parent combinations includingwheat, maize and sorgh??, Mitochondria were isolated from coleoptilcof 2 to 3 - days old seedings grown at 27℃ in dark. Mitochondrialoxidative activity was measured in a Warburg respirometer at 28℃. Theresults obtained from wheats, whose E₁ hybrids were known to Theexhibition of heterosis or nonheterosis, indicated that the mitochond-rial complementation does not correspond usually to the field performanceof the hybrids. The mitochondrial activities of both heterotic maizehybrids and the 1: 1 mixture of their parental material exhibit definitesuperiority over their inbrid parents when tested alone. It is alsonoted that double - crossed maize hybrids exhibit neither mitochondrialheterosis nor complementation. The results obtained with mitochondriafrom heterotic sorghum hybrids and their parental mixture are similarto those of the maize. These observations show that the phenomena ofmitochondrial heterosis and complementation seem to occur in manyheterotic hybrids, but not in all. In order to ascertain their practicalvalue in breeding programme, it is necessary to establish the conceptthat mitochondrial heterosis and complementation are in good accordancewith the yield of the hybrids.更多还原