【摘要】 <正> 空腔辐射理论近年来得到了很大发展,世界各国都给予了一定重视,因为它的发展紧密地和一些技术科学以及计量准标相联系。例如,在光度学及光测高温学中,一般都采用黑体空腔来产生一个稳定的光谱辐射,做为标准源。虽然这个辐射强度也可以用绝对测量方法测量出来,但到目前为止绝对测量法的精度还赶不上理论计算方法的精度。由于它与基准、标准相联系,所以人们就更加追求所使用理论的可靠性和准确性。另外,红外探测技术、激光测量等方面的发展,也对空腔辐射理论提出了一些要求,如做更多还原

【Abstract】 The blackbody theory has gradually been perfected through the efforts ofsome authors.Now attention is given to the practical application of the cavitytheory.Combining the cavity with the detector,some authors have used an app-roximate method to calculate the integrated cavity emissivity,but the resultsfrom this method will differ from the exact value because of the existence of thepenumbral region.In practical application,the detector may not be far from aperture so it ismeaningful to calculate precisely the integrated cavity emissivity when thedetector is at a finite distance from the aperture.In this article,we give aprecise method to calculate the integrated emissivity of baffled conical andcylindrical cavities.These equations have been solved by numerical integrationtechniques using a digital computer and have been compared with Bedford’sapproximate method.It is shown that in the case of H=0 and H very large(where H is the distance between a detector and the mouth of a cavity),theintegrated cavity emissivity ε~c of two methods tend to coincide for the samecavity.In other words,the differences in the ε~c value of two methods areevidence in the H range of practical application,specially in the followingcases:smaller values of surface emittance;shallow cylindrical cavities and conicalcavities with larger half-angles.更多还原