【摘要】 <正> 我国最早报告的一种牛首科吸虫,为曾省(1930)在四川班鳜Siniperca schezeri Stein肠中所发现,最初定名为Prosorhynchus vaneyi,后Eckmann(1932,1934)认为系一新属,命名为Dollfustrema vaneyi(Tseng,1930)。随后秦素美(1931)又报告三种寄生海产鱼的前吻属吸虫,即Prosorhynchus tsengi Tsin,1933,P.crucibulum(Rud,1819)及Proso-rhynchus sp.。1941年,Komiya et Tajimi在上海麦穗鱼肌肉中发现三种牛首科吸虫囊蚴,更多还原

【Abstract】 Among 6 species of gasterostomes reported in this paper, 2 genera and 4 species arc found to be new to science. They are characterized as follows:1. Pseudorhipidocotyle elopichthys, sp. nov.Body conical, spined, size 1.34-1.76 × 0.54-0.71 mm. Rhynchus cap-like with 7 horn-like projections, 0.33-0.51 ×0.46-0.56 mm. Pharynx, 0.05-0.09 × 0.08-0.09 mm; esophagus 0.08-0.16 mm in length; intestinal sac 0.17-0.31 × 0.13-0.23 mm. Testes diagonal, both are spherical, anterior testis 0.15-0.23 × 0-12-0.19 mm; posterior testis 0.15-0.20 × 0.13-0.23 mm, situated near the level of pharynx. Cirrus pouch, 0.41-0.69 × 0.08-0.12 mm. Ovary interresticuhr, nearly spherical, 0.17-0.20× 0.10-0.18mm. Vitelline follicle 0.025-0.030 in dia. and divided into 2 groups of 15-17 each. Egg ellipsoidal, 0.039-0.043 × 0.017-0.026 mm. Excrcrory vesicle in the form of "7" reaching to the posterior margin of the rhynchus.Host: Elopichthys bambusa (Rich.).Location: Intestine.Distribution: Taihu and Pearl river.Incidence and intensity of infection: 90% of 30 fishes examined were infected and with more than 50 specimens per fish.Type and Paratype specimens: Deposited in the Biology Department, Huatung Pedagogical University, and in the author’s collection.This worm is distinguished from the other gasterostomes by its characteristic rhynchus, a shorter intestine, as compared with the genus Dolichoenterum, and the inter-testicular position of the ovary. It differs from the other species of the same genus by the peculiar shape of its rhynchus.Rhipidocotyloides, gen. nov.Generic diagnosis.-Bucephalidae, Bucephalinae. Body fusiform, spined. Rhynchus cap-like with suctorial pit ventroposteriorly. Pharynx pre-equatorial. Intestine sac-like, directed backward. Testes tandem, anterior one near the level of pharynx. Cirrus pouch long, reaching to posterior testis. Genital pore subterminal. Ovary intertesticular. Laurer’s canal and seminal receptacle present. Uterus reaching to the posterior margin of the rhynchus. Vitelline follicle divided into 2 groups near the level of ovary. Excretory vesicle tubular. Parasitic in freshwater fish. Monotype: Rhipidomtyloides tsengi.2. Pseudorhipidocotyle tsengi, sp. nov.With the characteristics of the genus. Body fusiform, densely spined as if it were transversely striated. Body size, 1.31-1.72 × 0.41-0.65 mm. Rhynchus cap-like, 0.13-0.37 × 0.20-0.37 mm. Pharynx, 0.07-0.09 × 0.07-0.08 mm; intestinal sac, 0.13-0.20 × 0.08-0.12 mm. Testes irregular spherical; anterior testis, 0.20-0.25 × 0.12-0.23 mm; posterior testis, 0.20-0.26× 0.10-0.20mm. Cirrus pouch reaching to the level of ovary, 0.46-0.52 × 0.12-0.18 mm. Ovary also irregular spherical, intertesticular, 0.11-0.23 ×0.10-0.18 mm. Vitelline follicle 0.029-0.046 mm in dia., divided into 2 groups of 11-15 each. Excretory vesicle tubular, reaching to the anterior margin of the posterior testes. Egg oval in shape, 0.026-0.043 × 0.013-0.026 mm.Host: Ochelobius elongatus (Kner.).Location: Intestine.Distribution: Taihu.Incidence and intensity of infection: 20-50 or more specimens in each of the 4 fishes were examined.Type and paratype specimens: Deposited in the Biology Department, Huatung Pedagogical University, and in the author’s collection.The rhynchus of this worm is very similar to that of Rhipidocotyle baculum (Lin-ton, 1905), but it differs from the latter and all the other members of the family by the position of the ovary which is intertesticular in position and by possessing a seminal receptacle. The species is named in honor of Prof. Tseng Shen.Pseudobucephalopsis, gen. nov.Generic diagnosis.-Bucephalidac, Bucephalinae. Body ovaliform, spined. Rhynchus a well developed sucker with a muscular U-shaped lip. Pharynx postequatorial; intestine sac-like, directed forward. Testes diagonal, anterior testis prepharyngeal. Laurer’s canal present. Vitelline follicles divided into two lateral groups situated one on each side of the rhynchus. Uterus reaching to rhynchus. Excretory vesicle tubular. Egg numerous. Parasitic in migratory fish. Monotype: Pseudobucephalopsis spheroides.3. Pseudobucephalopsis spheroides, sp. HOT.Body ovaliform, densely spined, 4.26-5.90×1.76-2.00mm. Rhynchus a muscular sucker with a strong U-shaped lip, 0.69-0.82 × 0.62-0.82 mm. Pharynx spherical, 0.29-0.33 × 0.33-0.41 mm, postequatorial. Intestinal sac, 0.93-1.80× 0.56-0.80 mm. Testes elliptical, diagonal; anterior testis, 0.61-0.71 × 0.43-0.49 mm; posterior testis, 0.49-0.56 × 0.37-0.61 mm. Cirrus pouch less developed, 0.77-0.85 × 0.16-0.25 mm. Ovary spherical, intertesticular, 0.44-0.57 × 0.38-0.45 mm. Laurer’s canal and Mehlis gland distinct. Vitelline follicle, about 0.11-0.15 × 0.09-0.11 mm, divided into 2 lateral groups near the level of rhynchus, 13-18 in the tight and 12-17 in the left. Excretory vesicle tubular, reaching to posterior testis. Egg numerous, 0.046-0.059 × 0.016-0.020 mm.Host: Spheroides oceculatus Abe.Location: Air sac.Distribution: Taihu.Incidence and intensity of infection: 10% infected cach with 10-15 specimens.Type and Paratype specimens: Deposited in the Biology Department, Huatung Pedagogical University, and in the author’s collection.This species is very similar to Parabucephalopsis spheroides Tang & Tang, 1963, but it differs from the latter by the intertesticular position of its ovary.4. Bucephalopsis wui, sp. nov.Body fusiform, spined, 1.22-1.26 × 0.30-0.52 mm. Rhynchus a well developed sucker, 0.17-0.26 × 0.19-0.21 mm. Pharynx equatorial, 0.06-0.10 × 0.06-0.08 mm; intestinal sac directed backward, 0.16-0.24 × 0.09-0.12 mm. Reproductive organs situated in the anterior two third of the body, rather large. Testes elliptical, tandam; anterior testis, 0.16-0.24× 0.12-0.13 mm; posterior testis, 0.16-0.27× 0.12-0.15 mm. Cirrus pouch, 0.28-0.46 × 0.07-0.09 mm. Ovary smaller than testes, situated in front of the anterior testis, 0.15-0.16 × 0.09-0.12 mm. Vitelline follicles each about 0.063-0.073 × 0.030-0.050 mm, divided into 2 lateral groups of 11-12 in the right and 12-13 in the left, situated near the level of ovary. Uterine loops extensive, filling most part of the body. Excretory vesicle tubular, reaching to the posterior margin of the rhynchus. Eggs rather large, 0.030-0.038 × 0.015-0.023 mm.Host: Elopichthys bambusa (Rich.).Location: Intestine.Distribution: Taihu.Incidence and intensity of infection: 90% infected with more than 50 specimens per fish.Type and paratype specimens: Deposited in the Biology Department, Huatung Pedagogical University, and in the author’s collection.5. Parabucephalopsis prosthorchis Tang et Tang, 1963Measurements based on Taihu specimens: Body, 1.13-1.14 × 0.64-0.67 mm. Anterior sucker, 0.25-0.30 × 0.28-0.40 mm. Pharynx, 0.10-0.12× 0.12-0.13 mm intestinal sac, 0.21-0.28 × 0.18-0.21 mm. Right testis, 0.20-0.28 ×0.17-0.25 mm, left testis, 0.20-0.25 × 0.20-0.21 mm; Cirrus pouch, 0.38-0.64 × 0.08-0.21 mm. Ovary, 0.13-0.25× 0.13-0.18 mm. Vitelline follicles, 0.016-0.023 mm in dia., about 30 in each group. Egg, 0.040-0.056 × 0.023-0.036 mm.Host: Final hosts in Taihu, Erythroculter ilishaformis (Bleeker) and E. darbryi (Bleeker). Second intermediate hosts in Taihu, Protosalanx hyalocranius (Abbott) and Neosalanx tankahkeii var taihuensis (Wu).Location: Adults in the intestine and metacercaria in the muscle.Distribution: Taihu, Yangtze, Ming Kiang, and Pearl river. 580 S5 tyl T^ JR 16 ^8Incidence and intensity of infection: In Taihu, 40 to over 50 specimens in each of the 4 out of 5 E. ilishaeformis and only 3 specimens in 1 out of 9 E. darbryi examined. Metacercariae found in 5 out of 10 N. tankakkeii var. taihuensis and 4 out of 5 P. hyalocranius examined, each with 5 to over 50 specimens.6. Dollfustrema vaneyi Tseng, 1930The original description of this worm by Tseng (1930) was based on immature specimens. In Taihu, adult worms arc found heavily infecting both Siniperca schezeri and S. chuatsi, and also occasionally Erythroculter mongolicus. Metacercariae of this species have also been encountered in both external and internal organs of Carassius auratus. Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Hemiadter leudculeus, Hemibarbus maculatus, Abbottina re-vularis, Sarcocheichys sinensis, Erythroadter dabryi, and Pseudobargra fulvidraco. By comparing the specimens of both adults and metacercariae from above hosts with the descriptions of both D. vaneyi and D. eckinatum, it is found that the "D. echinatum", in fact, the metacercaria of the former species. The name Dollfustrema echinatum (Komiya et Tajimi, 1941) is, therefore, invalid and should be considered as synonymous with Dollfustrema vaneyi (Tseng, 1930).With respect to the possible evolutionary course of Bucephalidae Poche, 1907, the authors disagree with Yamaguti (1953, 1958) and Skrjabin et Guschanskaja (1962), and a. revision of the subfamilies, tribes and genera is given below:Bucephalidae Poche, 1907Buccphalinae (Nicoll. 1914)Tribe Bucephlopsia: Bucephalopsis (Diesing, 1855), Neobnceplialopsh Dayal, 1948, PseHdobucepha-lopsis, gen. nov., Parabucephalopsis Tang et Tang. Tribe Rhipidocotylia: Rhipidocotyle Diesing, 1858, Bucephalus Baer, 1858, Doliclioenlerum Ozaki,1924, Pseudorhipidocotyle Wang and Pang, 1963, Rhipidocotyloides, gen. nov. Prosorhyncinac Nicoll. 1914Tribe Prosorhyncia: Prosorhynchus Odhner, 1905. Paurorhychus Dickcrman, 1954. Neieihartia Nagaty,1937, Pseudoprosorhynchus Yamaguti, 1938, Neoprosorhynchus Dayal. 1948. Tribe Dollfustremia: Dollfustrema Eckmann, 1934. Neodallfustrema, gen. nov., Telorhynchus Crow-croft, 1947, Alcicornis McCallum, 1917.An analytical key to the subfamilies, tribes ans genera is given.In the above scheme, the genus Dollfustrema is re-defined with only D. vaneyi and D. mecracanthnin being retained. The remaining species in which the ovary is inter-testicular are included in a new genus Neodollfustrema with N. gravidum (Mantcr, 1940) as the type.The authors are greatly indebted to Prof. K. Wu for his valuable advice in preparing this manuscript.更多还原