【摘要】 针对紫花苜蓿机械化收获时存在茎秆切割机制不明晰以及损伤严重导致再生周期长、饲草产量降低等问题，对苜蓿茎秆物性和力学特性参数进行测试分析，构建苜蓿茎秆的力学本构方程，采用计算机数值模拟仿真方法，对苜蓿刈割机关键部件切割过程进行仿真模拟，对割刀结构及作业参数进行优化设计。最优切割部件的结构及作业参数：刃口角为20°、曲率半径为0.1 mm、刀片厚度为4 mm、旋转速度为2 045 r/min、前进速度为3 m/s、切入角度为40°。田间试验结果表明，优化后的关键部件可以显著降低苜蓿草的损伤，对我国苜蓿机械化收获技术与装备研发、促进苜蓿产业高质量发展具有重要现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aiming to address the challenges in mechanized alfalfa harvesting, such as imprecise stalk cutting, significant plant damage, extended regeneration cycles, and reduced forage yield, the physical and mechanical properties of alfalfa stalks were tested and analyzed. Based on the findings, ontological equations representing the stalk characteristics were developed. Using computer-based numerical simulation techniques, the cutting process of key components in the alfalfa mowing machine was modeled, leading to the structural and operational optimization of the cutting parts. The optimized parameters for the cutting mechanism were as follows: a cutting edge angle of 20°, a radius of curvature of 0.1 mm, blade thickness of 4 mm, rotational speed of 2 045 r/min, forward operating speed of 3 m/s, and cutting angle of 40°. The results of field tests showed that key components of harvesting machine after optimization design significantly reduced stalk damage during harvesting. This research holds substantial practical significance for advancing the mechanized harvesting technology and equipment for alfalfa in China. It also contributes to the high-quality development of the alfalfa industry by promoting greater efficiency and minimizing crop loss during the harvesting process.更多还原