【作者】 李娜；

【导师】 杨慧民；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 马克思主义理论， 2025， 博士

【摘要】 大数据、人工智能、算法推荐等技术的突破性发展重塑了社会经济形态与资本演变格局,催生出数字资本主义、平台资本主义、监控资本主义、算法资本主义等当代资本主义新形态。而随着非物质生产的深度发展、消费社会情感需求的不断升级、数字技术驱动下社交媒介的广泛普及以及社会关系的逐步商品化,情感资本主义这一将商品情感化与情感商品化的双向互动变为资本积累重要手段的资本主义新形态应运而生。情感资本主义本质上是当代资本主义为应对消费不足危机、巩固资产阶级统治和强化意识控制而做出的一种自我变革和自我建构,其在商品形态、劳动方式、资本增殖形式、政治权力运行模式以及意识形态控制逻辑等方面呈现出新特征。然而,这一自我调整既没有消除社会化生产与生产资料私人占有之间的固有矛盾,也没有缓解资本主义对劳动者和普通民众的剥削与压迫,反而使资本增殖与控制的逻辑进一步侵入个体最私密的情感领域。对数字时代情感资本主义的批判,有助于厘清情感资本主义本质,把握当代资本主义新变化,防范情感资本主义在我国的渗透。论文综合运用文献研究法、逻辑与历史相统一的方法、跨学科研究法等研究方法,以情感资本主义出场逻辑为研究起点,系统梳理数字时代情感资本主义批判的研究基础和理论借鉴,并在揭示和批判数字时代情感资本主义资本增殖逻辑、政治权力运行模式和意识形态控制方式的基础上,进一步厘清其本质、把握其方位并积极探索超越情感资本主义的现实路径。在吸收和借鉴马克思主义资本批判理论、韩炳哲数字精神政治学等理论的基础上,从经济、政治、文化三重维度揭示和批判数字时代情感资本主义的运行逻辑。首先,从经济维度揭示和批判数字时代情感资本主义的资本增殖逻辑。依托社交媒介和算法技术的情感劳动是数字时代情感资本主义实现资本增殖的重要途径。数字时代,社交媒介成为情感劳动的新“厂房”。在社交媒介中,情感劳动过程表现为有酬情感劳动者与无酬情感劳动者之间的关系构建与变现。情感资本对情感劳动者剩余价值的剥削、对个体情感数据所有权的剥夺以及对情感劳动的控制,构成了数字时代情感资本主义资本增殖的“三部曲”,情感劳动被异化为资本增殖的新工具。而规制和塑造情感秩序和个体生存状态的算法权力则成为资本增殖的幕后推手。其次,从政治维度揭示和批判数字时代情感资本主义的政治权力运行模式。情感政治凭借数字技术、大数据算法,以规训人的肉体、控制人的情感领域的方式,实现对民众的全面操控,成为数字时代情感资本主义政治权力的重要运行方式。情感政治现实运作过程中,统治阶级借助传播假新闻、宣扬数字民粹主义的政治议程、刻意制造恐惧情绪等多种伎俩,加速推进情感政治运行。然而,这种只为维护统治阶级利益而肆意控制和破坏社会公众政治认知、信仰和行为的情感政治运作模式,必然导致个体政治认同的离散、政治极化程度的加深以及国家间“情感冲突”的加剧。最后,从文化维度揭示和批判数字时代情感资本主义的意识形态控制方式。情感资本、数字技术与社交媒介的共谋,完成了对资本主义意识形态逻辑体系的重构。消费主义在情感资本主义中呈现出商品情感化与情感商品化相耦合的新特征,并生成了虚假的情感消费异化图景。情感帝国主义本质上是一种专注于向不发达文明输出情感体验和规则的文化帝国主义。殖民者通过将自身的情感制度和规范强加于被殖民者,以及宣扬被殖民者无力管理好自己情感生活的方式完成了对被殖民国家和民众的精神殖民。在提倡自由、个体主义、资本至上等观念的加持下,新自由主义将“自我剥削”“自由”“个人至上”等话语模式嵌入人们的思维逻辑中。在对数字时代情感资本主义深度批判的基础上,进一步揭示其本质、方位,并积极探索超越情感资本主义的现实路径。数字时代的情感资本主义本质上是当代资本主义为应对消费不足危机而进行的自我调整,为巩固资产阶级统治而展开的情感规训,为强化意识控制而产生的畸形文化形态。但这种不触及资本主义基本矛盾的自我调适并不能改变资本主义必然灭亡的历史命运。在认清情感资本主义本质、把握情感资本主义方位的基础上,需要规避情感资本主义运行中的问题,并依托社会主义制度优势,探索数字时代情感赋能经济发展、民主政治建设、文化繁荣的新模式。其一,摒弃“资本至上”逻辑,通过防范情感资本无序扩张、建构人民中心的叙事逻辑、推动数字向善,大力发展社会主义情感经济。其二,摆脱“情感操纵”陷阱,遏制“情感驱动型”民主决策倾向,并以情感赋能民主决策制定、决策执行和民主监督全过程,推动社会主义民主政治建设。其三,打破“文化霸权”,在警惕资本主义情感文化及意识形态渗透的同时,通过加强社会主义情感文化的数字化创新和提高社会主义情感文化的国际传播效能,打造社会主义情感文化的国际话语权。更多还原

【Abstract】 The breakthrough development of technologies such as big data,artificial intelligence,and algorithmic recommendation has reshaped the social and economic form and the pattern of capital evolution,giving rise to new forms of contemporary capitalism such as digital capitalism,platform capitalism,surveillance capitalism,and algorithmic capitalism.With the profound development of immaterial production,the escalating emotional demands of consumer society,the widespread adoption of digital technology-driven social media,and the progressive commodification of social relations,emotional capitalism has emerged as a new form of capitalism.This novel paradigm transforms the bidirectional interaction between commodifying emotions and emotionalizing commodities into a crucial means of capital accumulation.Emotional capitalism is essentially a form of self-transformation and self-construction carried out by contemporary capitalism in order to address the crisis of insufficient consumption,consolidate the rule of the bourgeoisie,and strengthen the control of consciousness.It exhibits new characteristics in aspects such as the form of commodities,the mode of labor,the form of capital appreciation,the operation mode of political power,and the logic of ideological control.However,this adjustment has neither eliminated the inherent contradiction between socialized production and the private ownership of the means of production,nor alleviated the exploitation and oppression of workers and ordinary people by capitalism.Instead,it has enabled the logic of capital appreciation and control to further penetrate into the most private emotional realm of the individual.The critique of emotional capitalism in the digital age helps to clarify the essence of emotional capitalism,grasp the new changes in contemporary capitalism,and prevent the infiltration of emotional capitalism in China.The paper comprehensively applies research methods such as literature review,the integration of logic and history,and interdisciplinary research.Starting from the logic of the emergence of emotional capitalism,it systematically sorts out the research basis and theoretical references for the criticism of emotional capitalism in the digital age.Based on revealing and criticizing the logic of capital proliferation,political power operation mode,and ideological control mode of emotional capitalism in the digital age,it further clarifies its essence,grasps its direction,and actively explores the realistic path beyond emotional capitalism.On the basis of absorbing and drawing on Marxist capital criticism theory,Byung-Chul Han’s theory of digital psychopolitics,etc.,this article reveals and criticizes the operational logic of emotional capitalism in the digital age from the three dimensions of economy,politics,and culture.Firstly,reveal and criticize the capital proliferation logic of emotional capitalism in the digital age from an economic perspective.Emotional labor relying on social media and algorithmic technology has become an important way for emotional capitalism in the digital age to achieve capital growth.In the digital age,social media has become a new"factory"for emotional labor.In social media,the process of emotional labor is manifested as the construction and realization of relationships between paid emotional workers and unpaid emotional workers.The exploitation of surplus value of emotional workers by emotional capital,the deprivation of ownership of individual emotional data,and the control over emotional labor constitute the"trilogy"of emotional capital proliferation in the digital age,and emotional labor is thus alienated as a new means of capital accumulation.The algorithmic power that regulates and shapes emotional order and individual survival status becomes the driving force behind capital proliferation.Secondly,reveal and criticize the political power operation mode of emotional capitalism in the digital age from a political perspective.Emotional politics,relying on digital technology and big data algorithms to train people’s bodies and control their emotional domains,comprehensively manipulates the public,thus becoming the political power operation mode of emotional capitalism in the digital age.In the actual operation process of emotional politics,the ruling class accelerates the operation of emotional politics by means of tricks such as spreading fake news,promoting the political agenda of digital populism,and deliberately creating a sense of fear.However,this political power operation mode and strategy of arbitrarily controlling and destroying the public’s political cognition,beliefs,and behaviors solely for the sake of maintaining the interests of the ruling class will inevitably lead to the dispersion of individual political identity,the deepening of political polarization,and the intensification of"emotional conflicts"between countries.Finally,reveal and criticize the ideological control methods of emotional capitalism in the digital age from a cultural perspective.The collusion of emotional capital,digital technology,and social media has completed the reconstruction of the logical system of capitalist ideology.Consumerism presents a new characteristic of coupling the emotionalization of goods with the commodification of emotions in emotional capitalism,and generates a false picture of emotional consumption alienation.Emotional imperialism is essentially a cultural imperialism that focuses on exporting emotional experiences and rules to underdeveloped civilizations.Colonizers achieved spiritual colonization of colonized countries and peoples by imposing their own emotional systems and norms on the colonized,as well as promoting their inability to manage their emotional lives effectively.Under the promotion of concepts such as freedom,individualism,and the supremacy of capital,neoliberalism has imprinted discourse patterns such as"self exploitation","freedom"and"individualism"into people’s thinking logic.On the basis of a deep critique of emotional capitalism in the digital age,further reveal its essence and direction,and actively explore the realistic path beyond emotional capitalism.The emotional capitalism of the digital age is essentially a self adjustment of contemporary capitalism in response to the crisis of insufficient consumption,emotional training carried out to consolidate bourgeois rule,and a distorted cultural form generated to strengthen consciousness control.But this self adjustment that does not touch upon the fundamental contradictions of capitalism cannot change the historical fate of the inevitable demise of capitalism.On the basis of recognizing the essence of emotional capitalism and grasping its direction,it is necessary to avoid the problems in the operation of emotional capitalism,and rely on the advantages of the socialist system to explore new models of emotional empowerment for economic development,democratic political construction,and cultural prosperity in the digital age.One is to abandon the logic of"capital supremacy"and vigorously develop the socialist emotional economy by preventing the disorderly expansion of emotional capital,constructing a people-centered narrative logic,promoting digital goodness.Secondly,we should get rid of the trap of"emotional manipulation",curb the tendency of"emotion driven"democratic decision-making,and empower the entire process of democratic decision-making,decision-making execution,and democratic supervision with emotions,promoting the construction of socialist democratic politics.Thirdly,breaking the"cultural hegemony",while being wary of the infiltration of capitalist emotional culture and ideology,we should strengthen the digital innovation of socialist emotional culture and improve the international dissemination efficiency of socialist emotional culture,in order to create the international discourse power of socialist emotional culture.更多还原