【作者】 王蕊；

【导师】 林岩；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2025， 博士

【摘要】 回收是循环经济的关键环节,对于实现“双碳”目标具有至关重要的作用。在高价值电子产品回收领域,线上回收作为一种新兴商业模式,通过“线上分级交易+线下物流”的方式收购旧设备并转售。然而,当前回收市场中普遍存在信任问题,严重削弱了消费者对回收平台的信任,成为制约行业发展的主要瓶颈。一方面,消费者认为回收商存在“恶意压价”行为;另一方面,回收商认为二手电子产品分级量表具有主观性,买卖双方可能因理解差异而产生分歧。面对“罗生门”现象,在线上回收环境中建立有效的信任治理机制,已成为亟待解决的重要研究问题。本研究以数字产品护照(Digital Product Passport,DPP)政策在循环供应链中的推广为背景,结合区块链与人工智能技术,提出了基于DPP的电子产品回收信任治理方法。研究主线包括:从行业监管者角度分析信任问题的产生机理,提出基于DPP的解决方法,并进一步探讨推动DPP政策推广的策略。主要研究工作及结论如下:(1)信任问题的机理解析与模型构建本研究首先界定了线上回收信任治理问题,并构建了收益模型,分析线上回收商的欺诈动机。在顾客可能低估或高估产品等级的交易情境下,回收商倾向于纠正高估行为,但在顾客低估时存在道德风险,可能选择不纠正低估行为。为规避该风险,顾客可能通过逆向选择策略(即使分级结果为低级产品,仍按高级产品操作)在回收商的道德风险与高估错误的议价成本之间进行权衡,以最大化自身收益期望。结果表明,回收商的欺诈动机取决于两个等级产品的相对市场规模以及高估错误时的议价成本差异。该结论为行业监管者提供了规范线上回收市场的理论依据,有助于提升回收商的整体诚信水平。(2)基于DPP与算法的回收信任治理方法在DPP框架下,本研究提出了“区块链-算法-机制设计”相结合的信任治理方法。首先,通过主题分析法归纳了现有双链管理研究的理论与实践成果,构建了“区块链+供应链”的信任治理研究框架,为回收信任治理提供了理论支撑。其次,设计了基于DPP和区块链的透明、防篡改的回收交易系统,利用联盟区块链网络保障系统的可信性。针对区块链外回收商可能与零售商合谋上传虚假分级和转售价格的问题,研究设计了智能算法嵌入智能合约,定期检测并触发合谋行为的识别,降低交易数据在区块链外被篡改的可能性。数值实验表明,该机制能够显著降低回收商的欺诈动机,有效解决区块链的“垃圾输入,垃圾输出”(GIGO)问题,从而建立起在线回收平台与个人卖家之间的信任。(3)推动DPP政策采纳的策略研究本研究提出了多种策略以促进DPP政策在循环供应链中的推广。一方面,通过建立闭环供应链模型,分析了逆向回收渠道选择对供应链成员决策的影响,并提出了在DPP框架下实现供应链各成员预期收益的措施。模型比较表明,大型电子产品回收和交易平台是最为高效的回收模式。另一方面,研究结果揭示了以下重要发现:在制造商主导的供应链中,两部定价契约能够有效推动DPP政策的采纳;最小复用率政策、复用率检测前置以及基于区块链的数字孪生措施,均有助于促进DPP政策的实施。本文从行业监管者角度出发,提出了基于数字产品护照的线上回收信任治理方法,有别于传统的声誉体系、审计机制、信号博弈等方法,具有见效快、成本低、隐私保护等优势,是信任治理理论在循环经济、数字产品护照和区块链4.0、人工智能等背景下的发展,拓展了数字产品护照的潜在价值,有助于二手电子回收行业挽回顾客信任,为监管机构制定行业政策提供了管理建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recycling is a critical component of the circular economy and plays a pivotal role in achieving the "dual carbon" goals.In the context of high-value electronic product recycling,online recycling has emerged as a significant business model,characterized by the "online graded transaction+offline logistics" approach for acquiring and reselling used devices.However,trust issues pervasive in current recycling markets have severely undermined consumer confidence,becoming a major bottleneck for industry development.On one hand,consumers accuse recyclers of "malicious lowballing";on the other hand,recyclers argue that the subjectivity of second-hand product grading scales leads to misunderstandings between buyers and sellers,rather than outright fraud.Addressing this "he-said-she-said" dilemma,establishing effective trust governance mechanisms in online recycling environments has become an urgent research priority.The promotion of Digital Product Passport(DPP)policies in circular supply chains,coupled with the integration of blockchain artificial intelligence technologies,offers new insights into resolving trust issues in electronic product recycling.This study adopts a research framework of "analyzing the root causes of trust issues→ proposing DPP-based solutions→ promoting DPP adoption." First,a decision-making model is constructed to analyze the mechanisms of fraud in online recycling.Second,leveraging DPP technology,a novel trust governance method for online recycling is proposed,combining fraud detection algorithms and mechanism design.Finally,game-theoretic analysis is employed to explore strategies for promoting the adoption of DPP policies.The main research contributions and conclusions are as follows:(1)Understanding Trust Governance Issues and Modeling Fraud MotivesThis study defines the trust governance problem in online recycling and constructs a revenue model to analyze recyclers’ incentives for fraud.In a transaction scenario where customers may underestimate or overestimate the grade of their products,recyclers tend to correct overestimation but may exploit moral hazard by failing to correct underestimation.To mitigate this risk,customers may adopt adverse selection strategies(e.g.,treating low-grade products as high-grade ones)to balance the moral hazard of recyclers and the bargaining costs of overestimation,thereby maximizing their expected utility.Results indicate that recyclers are not always incentivized to act dishonestly;their motives depend on the relative market sizes of different product grades and the bargaining power disparity during overestimation errors.These findings provide industry regulators with theoretical guidance to enhance the integrity of online recyclers.(2)A Blockchain-Algorithm-Mechanism Design-Based Trust Governance MethodSupported by DPP,this study proposes a trust governance method combining blockchain,algorithms,and mechanism design.First,thematic analysis is used to summarize existing theories and practices in dual-chain management,establishing a research framework for"blockchain+supply chain" trust governance.Second,a transparent and tamper-proof recycling transaction system based on DPP and blockchain is designed,leveraging consortium blockchain networks to ensure system credibility.To address the "Garbage In,Garbage Out"(GIGO)problem caused by potential collusion between recyclers and retailers,a detection algorithm is embedded into smart contracts to periodically identify collusive behavior.Numerical experiments confirm that this mechanism effectively reduces recyclers’ incentives for fraud,thereby establishing trust between online recycling platforms and individual sellers.(3)Strategies for Promoting DPP Policy AdoptionThis study proposes multiple strategies to facilitate the adoption of DPP policies in circular supply chains.First,closed-loop supply chain models involving manufacturers,retailers,and recyclers are established to analyze the impact of reverse recycling channel choices on supply chain decisions.The results highlight that large-scale electronic product recycling and trading platforms are the most efficient recycling models.Second,key findings include:①two-part pricing contracts can effectively promote DPP adoption in manufacturer-dominated supply chains;②minimum reuse rate policies,pre-reuse rate verification,and blockchain-based digital twin measures are conducive to advancing DPP implementation.This thesis proposes an online recycling trust governance method based on the DPP,which differs from traditional approaches such as reputation systems,audit mechanisms,and signaling games.It boasts advantages such as rapid effectiveness,low cost,and privacy protection.This method represents an evolution of trust commodity theory within the context of the circular economy,Digital Product Passports,Blockchain 4.0,and artificial intelligence.It expands the potential value of Digital Product Passports,aids the second-hand electronics recycling industry in regaining customer trust,and provides management recommendations for regulatory bodies in formulating industry policies.更多还原