【作者】 卿平；

【导师】 刘青；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2023， 博士

【摘要】 作为我国经济发展新增长点的体育产业,既具有普通产业的共性特征,又具有其独特特征,即体育产业既要注重经济效益、强调市场竞争,又要着力推进群众身体素质提高及社会全面进步和个人的全方位发展。体育竞赛表演活动和体育健身休闲活动构成体育产业门类中的核心主导产业,大型体育赛事的健康蓬勃发展对体育产业的持续壮大起着举足轻重的作用。然而,大型体育赛事在其发展过程中,存在着体育赛事价值取向失衡、对环境带来的巨大危害、对经济的负面影响、对赛事主办城市群众社会生活的造成不便以及在政治方面的不利影响等诸多问题。我国日益成为国际赛事中心国,在我国由体育大国向体育强国转变的过程中,大型体育赛事的可持续发展比单纯的赛事数量积累更加重要,没有可持续性作为发展前提的大型体育赛事,数量越多,其背离体育强国的目标就越远。因此,在国际国内的利好背景下,如何实现我国大型体育赛事的可持续发展是体育强国内涵中的重要内容。绿色供应链管理工具已经为许多企业实现可持续发展提供了巨大帮助,在传统供应链的基础之上,绿色供应链从环境、经济、社会三个维度出发,将传统供应链的各个环节绿色化,包括绿色设计、绿色生产、绿色运输、绿色储存以及绿色消费等等,从而实现尽可能大的经济效益、社会效益和最小的环境影响。绿色供应链管理无论在理论研究领域还是在实践活动中,都受到了越来越多专家学者及企业家的关注与重视,并已取得了丰硕的研究成果和现实价值。因此,如何将绿色供应链理论与大型体育赛事的可持续发展结合起来,探索大型体育赛事的重要决策问题,是一个兼具较强理论意义和实践意义的研究。绿色供应链研究涉及到多个决策目标,这些目标有可能是相互冲突的,比如,经济目标普遍是企业最为重视的目标,一般通过增大收益和降低成本等方式来实现,而环境目标则往往最容易被决策者忽视,因为环境影响具有隐蔽性和滞后性,且环境目标经常与经济目标相冲突。众所周知,现代体育赛事无论在场馆建设环节还是在赛事物资生产环节以及赛事欣赏环节,均会对周边环境产生较大影响。另外,赛事决策者还要面临众多的社会目标。将所有目标纳入绿色供应链的优化决策中进行考虑,可以帮助赛事主办方优化配置种类繁多的赛事资源,提高资源利用率,改善赛事的绿色化水平,从而实现赛事的可持续发展。在广泛查阅有关绿色供应链、绿色体育、体育生态论、绿色奥运等已有研究的基础上,吸收和借鉴相关成果,运用多目标决策理论及模糊理论等研究工具,从绿色供应链视角对大型体育赛事的决策问题进行研究。第一部分为引言,包括研究背景、研究框架及研究意义。第二部分为文献综述及基础理论,包括对供应链管理理论、可持续发展理论、体育生态论、复杂适应系统理论和多目标决策理论的介绍,其中重点介绍了体育生态论和多目标决策理论。论文主体内容是第三章到第五章,第六章为结论部分,主要包括工作总结、对策研究、创新之处和不足之处。以下分别概述第三章到第五章的内容:首先,搭建了大型体育赛事绿色供应链的系统概念框架。在现代体育赛事特征和内涵简要介绍的基础上,对大型体育赛事绿色供应链进行了概念界定,并以利益相关者理论和三重底线理论为理论基础讨论了大型体育赛事绿色供应链的影响因素。在复杂适应系统理论的框架下,归纳了大型体育赛事绿色供应链的特征及内涵,并构建了大型体育赛事绿色供应链,阐述了其流行为构成。该章内容为后续章节的多目标决策及绩效评价提供了理论框架。其次,进行赛前决策研究。综合运用多目标决策理论,结合大型体育赛事的产业特征,进行大型体育赛事主办地选择研究。从绿色供应链的视角,分别构建了大型体育赛事的经济目标、环境目标、社会目标模型及总目标模型,使用粒子群算法对模型进行求解,并将模型和算法应用到实际赛事决策中去,即在几个备选城市中,通过多目标决策,选择一个相对理想城市来作为大型体育赛事主办城市,通过模型的应用研究,这个理想城市应该最大程度上符合以下条件:承办此次赛事的绿色供应链总成本最小或碳排放最低或社会影响力最大。对案例研究结果进行分析和讨论,并验证模型和算法的科学性和有效性。最后,进行赛后决策研究。在充分考虑大型体育赛事绿色供应链特征的基础上,研究其绩效评价问题。对大型体育赛事所处的绿色供应链进行绩效评价,有助于决策者及利益相关群体了解整个赛事供应链运行状况的好坏,发现赛事供应链运作过程中的不足,以便在后续的赛事决策中及时采取措施予以纠正。伴随社会公众对环境问题和社会问题的持续关注,对供应链的绿色可持续评价也日益受到重视。该部分构建了基于经济、环境、社会三个维度的18个绿色供应链评价指标,由于评价对象具有一定的模糊性,因此,将模糊理论和AHP及TOPSIS方法结合起来,进行指标权重求解和最终方案选择,在此基础上,把模型和算法应用到具体案例研究中去验证其科学性和有效性。综上所述,针对目前大型体育赛事发展过程中存在的问题,从绿色供应链的视角对赛事决策及应用进行了深入研究。依次探讨了大型体育赛事绿色供应链相关概念框架问题、赛事主办地选择问题以及绿色供应链绩效评价问题。对主办地决策问题和绩效评价问题均建立了相应的决策模型,在考虑研究问题复杂性和模糊性的基础上,设计了合适的计算方法,最后,进行了赛事案例的应用研究以验证研究方法的实用性和有效性。论文的主要创新在于将绿色供应链理论引入体育产业现实决策领域,在论文中构建的决策模型和计算方法,能够帮助赛事决策者在较为复杂的决策环境中制定出更加科学合理的决策方案,有利于实现体育赛事的可持续发展,对于大型体育赛事的科学决策具有较为科学的指导意义,有利于推动多目标理论、模糊理论及相关算法在体育领域的广泛应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a new growth point of the national economy,the sports industry has both common characteristics and unique characteristics compared with the other industries.The sports industry should not only emphasize the economic benefits and market competition,but also focus on the improvement of the people’s physical quality and the all-round development of the society and individuals.The Sports Competitive Performance Industry and the Fitness & Leisure Industry are the core elements of the sports industry.Therefore,the vigorous development of mega sport events plays a decisive role in the development of sports industry.However,in the process of the development of mega sport events,there are many problems,such as imbalanced value orientation of sport events,great harm to the environment,negative impact on the economy,negative impact on the lives of the masses in the host cities,and negative impact on politics.Our country has increasingly become the center of international competition,but the sustainable development of mega sport events is more important than the simple quantity accumulation in the process of transformation from a major sports country to a world sports power.The larger the number of mega sport events without sustainable development,the further they will deviate from the goal of becoming a world sports power.Therefore,how to realize the sustainable development of mega sport events in China is an important content of building a world sports power under the favorable background at home and abroad.As a management tool,the green supply chain has provided great help for many enterprises to achieve sustainable development goals.Based on the three dimensions of environment,economy and society,the green supply chain greens all processes of traditional supply chain,including green design,green production,green transportation,green storage and green consumption,so as to achieve the maximum economic and social benefit and the minimum environmental impact.The tool of green supply chain has attracted more and more attention from experts and entrepreneurs in both theoretical and practical fields that have achieved fruitful research results and practical value.In consequence,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to combine the theory of green supply chain with the sustainable development of mega sport events and explore the decision-making issues related to mega sport events.The research of green supply chain involves multiple decision-making objectives,which may be in conflict with each other.For example,the economic objective is generally the most valued objective of enterprises,which is generally achieved by increasing profits and reducing costs,while the environmental objective is often the easiest to be ignored by decision makers,because the environmental impact is concealed and lagging.The environmental objective often conflicts with economic objective.As we all know,the modern sport events will have a great impact on the surrounding environment in the aspects of venue construction,material production and game watching.In addition,the decision makers of sport events also face many social objectives.Incorporating all the objectives into the optimization decision of the green supply chain for consideration can help the organizers optimally allocate a variety of resources,improve the utilization of resources and enhance the green level of the sport events,so as to achieve the sustainable development goal.On the basis of extensive research on green supply chain,green sports,sports ecology theory,green Olympics,etc.,absorbing and drawing on relevant results,using multi-objective decision theory and fuzzy theory and other research tools,the decision-making of green supply chain for mega sport events is studied.The first part is the introduction,including research background,research framework and research significance.The second part is the literature review and basic theory,including the introduction of supply chain management theory,sustainable development theory,sports ecology theory,complex adaptive system theory and multi-objective decision theory,in which sports ecology theory and multi-objective decision theory are focused on.The main content is from the third chapter to the fifth chapter,and the sixth chapter is the conclusion part,which mainly includes work summary,countermeasure research,innovation and inadequacies.The contents of Chapters 3 to5 are summarized below.Firstly,established a systematic conceptual framework for the green supply chain of mega sport events.Based on the brief introduction of the characteristics and connotation of modern sport events,the concept definition of the green supply chain of mega sport events is defined,and the influencing factors of the green supply chain of mega sport events are discussed based on Stakeholder Theory and Triple Bottom Line Theory.Under the framework of complex adaptive system theory,the characteristics and connotation of the green supply chain of mega sport events are summarized,then the green supply chain of large-scale sports events is constructed,and its flow composition is expounded.This chapter provides a theoretical framework for multi-objective decision making and supply chain performance evaluation in subsequent chapters.Secondly,this part is about the pre-game decision.The multi-objective decision-making theory is combined with the industry characteristics of mega sport events to construct the economic goal model,environmental goal model,social goal model and total goal model of mega sport events.The Particle Swarm Optimization is used to solve the model,the models and algorithms are applied in the actual event decision-making.That is,in several alternative cities,through multi-objective decision-making,to choose an ideal city as the host city for mega sport events.Through the application research of the model,this ideal city should meet the following conditions as much as possible: the green supply chain of the event has the lowest total cost,lowest carbon emissions and the greatest social impact.Then the results of case studies will be analyzed and discussed and the scientificity and effectiveness of models and algorithms will also be verified.Finally,this part is about the post-game decision.Based on full considering of the characteristics of the green supply chain of mega sport events,the performance evaluation is studied.Such evaluation helps decision makers and stakeholders to understand the operation of the entire supply chain and find out the shortcomings in the operation of the supply chain in order to take measures to correct the shortcomings without delay during the decision making in subsequent events.With the continuous public concern on environmental and social issues,the evalution on green sustainability of the supply chain has also received increasing attention.This part constructs 18 green supply chain evaluation indicators based on economic,environmental and social aspects.Because the evaluation object has certain ambiguity,the fuzzy theory is combined with the AHP and TOPSIS methods to solve the index weight and to make the final decision.On this basis,the models and algorithms are applied to specific case studies to verify the scientificity and effectiveness.In summary,in view of the problems existing in the development of mega sport events,the decision-making and application of the game are deeply studied from the perspective of green supply chain.The theoretical issues related to the green supply chain of mega sport events,multi-objective decision problem and performance evaluation problem are studied sequentially.The models of multi-objective decision and performance evaluation are established.Based on the complexity and fuzziness of the research problem,the appropriate algorithm is designed.Finally,the application research of the event case is carried out to verify the practicability and effectiveness of research method.The innovation of this paper lies in introducing green supply chain theory into the real decision field of the sports industry.The decision models and algorithms constructed in the thesis can help the decision-makers to formulate more scientific and reasonable decision-making schemes in the more complex decision-making environment,which has certain guiding significance for the research of green supply chain of mega sport events.It has a positive promotion for application of muti-objective theory,fuzzy theory and related algorithms in sports.更多还原