【作者】 李炜；

【导师】 刘培；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2023， 博士

【摘要】 受“一代有一代之文学”观点的影响,宋代辞赋的真实面貌极易被同时代的其他文体和文学发展史遮蔽。辞赋形制独特,善于铺叙,是体现文人学养的重要载体。它与南宋政治、学术、文化紧密相连,渗透时人生活的各个方面,是中国赋学发展的重要环节。南宋赋学编年对展示南宋辞赋的总体风貌、理解南宋文学和了解南宋文化的发展走向颇有裨益。南宋赋学编年史以编年形式为基本框架,以赋学文献作为基础,整合近、今人的相关研究成果,尽可能地展现南宋赋学发展的原景。在绪论部分,首先厘清“赋学”的研究范畴。“赋学”指研究辞赋创作和辞赋批评的学问,其研究范畴包括辞赋作品、辞赋文献(笔记、类书等)、赋史、赋论、辞赋家和研究家、辞赋创作活动、与辞赋相关的各种社会文化活动。其次梳理与南宋赋学编年相关的研究成果,发现部分成果对南宋赋学的评点属于“印象式”概括,缺乏细致的整理和系统性的论述。许多赋学专著和赋学文献整理本为编年提供便利。第三部分指出编年的研究思路和方法。先搜集并整理南宋赋学文献,再依据朴学的方法对搜集的文献进行细致考证,并按照时间次序尽量准确系年。在鸟瞰南宋赋学发展部分,通过分析南宋不同时期辞赋与政治动态、学术思想、社会风俗等方面的互动,勾勒南宋国家礼制,展示士人心态的嬗变轨迹,从而展现南宋赋学的总体风貌。南宋初期是辞赋传承和递嬗的时期,这时的辞赋充分展现党同伐异的风气。受文化专制政策的影响,有的辞赋成为歌颂当道者圣德和丰功伟绩的重要媒介。士人为附庸当道者,从身边事物发掘与宋代德运相符的意象,以期望国家在高宗的治理下走向繁荣,恢复中兴,实现南北统一。迫于当道者的淫威,士人的爱国热情遭到打压。有的辞赋则展现士人远离廊庙,憧憬闲居的人生志趣。因此,士人以开阔的视角和细腻的笔触观察并描写身边事物,逐渐将参政热情转移到日常生活和日常情感中,展现士人自得其乐的生活境界。这造成辞赋转向世俗情调,形成说理直白抒情外露的创作风格。孝宗即位后,注重民生恢复,对恢复北地有着强烈愿景。孝宗思想上曾非常倚重理学,导致理学在南宋中期发展势头强劲。理学人士将主战与宣扬道学紧密联系,疯狂打压反战势力。反战势力以更猛烈的方式回击,新一轮的党争围绕道学与反道学展开,此种政治局势一定程度上会影响辞赋创作。首先,理学家利用辞赋大肆宣扬理学观念,传递理学超越一切的人生追求。其次,随着孝宗对北伐的支持,之前受压制的爱国热情得到释放。辞赋主要表现为捍卫文化边界和洗雪靖康之耻的情绪,涌动着壮烈且意气风发的豪迈气概。再次,这时的辞赋在展现党争方面比秦桧当国时更直截了当。最后,理学强调道德修养,导致表现生活场景、追求道德人生的辞赋增多,形成立意新颖和结构紧凑的创作倾向。南宋后期,随着庆元党禁的结束,理学一跃成为官定思想。理学向社会生活的各个方面深入渗透,许多辞赋成为宣传理学的工具,充满说教意味。理学还改造士人的人生观和价值观。文人更注重修身养德,憧憬风俗淳厚的理想社会,耕读传家观念成为士绅阶层的主流思想。展示理学规范和重塑人生等内容的辞赋增多。同时,南宋后期宗教氛围浓厚,宗教情怀在辞赋中得以展现。南宋末期内外忧惧,王朝衰颓气象毕显,辞赋铺叙缺乏恢宏气势,奏响末世之音。在南宋赋学编年部分,首先,立足赋学文献。辨别、梳理赋学人物、辞赋以及与赋学相关的史料,按照时间线索对南宋赋家的生卒、科第、赋作系年及赋话等与之相关的各种政治、文化活动等资料编年系月。通过编年清晰地呈现辞赋发展脉络,展现南宋赋学在历史长河中的真实面貌。其次,能给予南宋赋学相关人士公平公正展示赋学实绩的机会,使部分所谓的三四流赋家不被历史埋没,能在历史格局中找到其合适的位置。最后,通过分析材料与史实,可以多维度、多层次地展示辞赋与政治、学术思想、风俗的联系,从而尽可能全面客观地还原南宋赋学生成和发展的历史场景。同时,在编年过程中加注按语对赋学文献或事件给予观照和补充。更多还原

【Abstract】 The influence of the viewpoint of "There is literature for every generation" on the study of Fu in the Song Dynasty has led to its distinct characteristic being easily obscured by other literary styles of the same era and their literary development history.Fu shape is unique,is good at elaborate,it is a important carrier of literati educated.It was closely connected with the politics,scholarship and culture of the Southern Song Dynasty,permeated all aspects of people’s life,and was an important link in the development of Chinese Fu studies.Through the chronicle of the Southern Song Fu studies,we can show the overall features of the Southern Song Fu studies and understand the development trend of the Southern Song literature and culture.The chronicle of Fu in the Southern Song Dynasty takes the form of chronicle as the basic frame and the literature of Fu as the foundation.On the basis of integrating modern and contemporary research results,the author tries to restore the original scene of the development of Fu in the Southern Song Dynasty.In the introduction part,the research category of "Fu" is clarified firstly."Fu Study" refers to the study of the creation and criticism of Ci Fu,whose research scope includes Ci Fu works,literature(notes,related books,etc.),Fu history,Fu theory,Ci Fu writers and researchers,Ci Fu creation activities,and various social and cultural activities related to Ci Fu.Secondly,this part sorts out the research results related to the chronology of Fu in the Southern Song Dynasty.Most of the comments on the study of Fu in the Southern Song Dynasty belong to the "impression" generalization and lack of systematic arrangement and discussion.Many monographs on the history of Ci Fu,the compilation of Ci Fu and other documents provide convenience for the chronology of Fu in the Southern Song Dynasty.The third part points out the research ideas and methods,collect and sort out the Fu literature of the Southern Song Dynasty,and carry out a careful research on the basis of the method of Puxue,according to the time order,as far as possible.In the part of bird’s eye view of the development of Fu studies in the Southern Song Dynasty,through the analysis of the interaction between Ci Fu and political dynamics,academic thoughts,social customs and other aspects in different periods of the Southern Song Dynasty,the outline of the national ritual system of the Southern Song Dynasty and the evolution of the mentality of scholars,thus showing the overall style of Fu studies in the Southern Song Dynasty.The early Southern Song Dynasty was a period of transmission and transmission of the Ci Fu.At this time,the Ci Fu fully displayed the social atmosphere of Partisan competition.Under the influence of cultural autocratic policies,some Ci Fu became an important medium to praise the virtues and exploits of those in power.Scholars,as vassals and masters of Taoism,explored images consistent with the moral fortunes of the Song Dynasty from around them,hoping that the country would prosper under the governance of the Emperor Gaozong,recover its prosperity,and achieve the unification of the north and the south.Due to the lewdness of those in power,the patriotic enthusiasm of the scholars was suppressed.Some Ci Fu show scholars away from the bureaucracies,looking forward to ideal life.Therefore,scholars observed and described the things around them with a broad perspective and delicate brush work,and gradually transferred the enthusiasm for political participation to daily life and daily emotions,showing the state of life in which scholars enjoy themselves.As a result,Ci Fu turned to secular sentiment and became straightforward and lyrical style.After Emperor Xiaozong came to the throne,he paid attention to the restoration of people’s livelihood,and had a strong vision to restore the northern territory.Ideologically,Emperor Xiaozong once relied heavily on Confucianism which led to the strong development momentum of Confucianism in the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty.Confucianists closely linked the main war with the preaching of Confucian School and suppressed the anti-war forces.Anti war forces fought back in a more violent manner.A new round of party contention develops around Confucianism and anti-Confucianism,and such changes will inevitably affect the creation of Ci Fu.First of all,Confucian scholars taked advantage of Ci Fu to Promote Confucianism,conveying the pursuit of Confucianism life beyond everything.Second,with Emperor Xiaozong’s support for the northern expedition,the previously suppressed patriotic enthusiasm was released.In this situation,Ci Fu mainly expressed the emotion of washing away the Jingkang grace,surging with a heroic and energetic spirit.Moreover,the Ci Fu of this time was more straightforward in showing the party struggle than the period had been when Qin Hui dominated the court.Finally,Confucianism emphasized moral cultivation,leading to an increase in the number of Ci Fu expressing life scenes and pursuing moral life,forming a creative tendency to pursue novel ideas and compact structure.In the late Southern Song Dynasty,with the end of the ban on party activities during the Qingyuan period.Confucianism leapt into official ideology.Confucianism has penetrated deeply into all aspects of social life,and many Ci Fu had become tools for promoting Confucianism.Confucianism also transformed people’s outlook on life and values.The literati paid more attention to self-cultivation and morality,and looked forward to the ideal society with honest customs.The cultivating and reading the concept of inheritance became the mainstream ideology of the gentry class.An increase in the number of Ci Fu that demonstrate the norms of Neo-Confucianism and reshape life.At the same time,in the late Southern Song Dynasty,there was a strong religious atmosphere,and most of the Ci Fu expressed religious feelings.At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty,both internal and external worries and fears were evident,and the decline of the dynasty was evident.The prose narrative lacked grandeur and sounded apocalyptic.In the part of chronicling the study of Fu in the Southern Song Dynasty,firstly,it based on the Fu Studies.Identify and sort out the characters of Fu Studies,Ci Fu,and historical materials related to the study of Fu.According to the time clue,chronologize the birth and death of the Fu scholars,their imperial examinations,their Ci Fu and Fu Commentaries.The chronicling the study of Fu in the Southern Song Dynasty can display the true face of the Fu Studies in the long history.Secondly,it can give Fu scholars in the Southern Song Dynasty a fair and impartial opportunity to showcase the achievements of Fu studies,so that some socalled third and fourth rate Fu scholars are not buried by history and can find a suitable position in the historical pattern.Finally,by analyzing materials and historical,it is possible to demonstrate the connection between Ci Fu and politics,academic thoughts,and customs in multiple dimensions and levels,thereby comprehensively and objectively restoring the historical scene of the formation and development of Fu Studies in the Southern Song Dynasty.At the same time,in the process of compiling the year,notes are added to observe and supplement the Fu literatures or events.更多还原