【作者】 杨玲；

【导师】 党瑞荣；

【作者基本信息】 西安石油大学 ， 石油与天然气工程， 2023， 博士

【摘要】 随着我国油气资源开采的不断深入,油气储集环境越来越复杂,开采难度也越来越大。传统的笼统完井方式已经无法满足复杂油气井在生产管理与优化方面的需求,智能井系统及相关技术的研究与发展为这一问题的解决提供了重要思路。然而,智能井管柱结构远比常规的笼统完井管柱复杂,如果缺少与之配套的管柱损伤检测系统,将直接影响注采效能的发挥,严重时会降低油水井的使用寿命,甚至引发安全事故。本文在瞬变电磁法井下探测模型的基础上,以几种常见的智能井为例,研究了基于瞬变电磁阵列的智能井多层管柱损伤检测关键技术,提出了智能井瞬变电磁阵列高分辨检测与信号处理方法,可为多分支智能井窗口形态检测、光纤传感智能井套外光纤检测与定位、分层注采智能井管柱特殊结构及非对称损伤定量检测等提供有效技术支撑。论文主要工作和研究成果如下:(1)针对单发射单接收瞬变电磁智能井多层管柱检测方法中收发距离(Transmitting–receiving distance,TRD)会影响检测系统信噪比和分辨率的问题,研究了基于瞬变电磁线性阵列的信噪比最大加权方法,可减小TRD对阵列接收信号的影响,改善检测系统信噪比。在此基础上,提出了基于阵列的管柱损伤检测方法,可解决最优权的病态求解问题,节约计算成本。最后,提出了基于压缩感知的瞬变电磁阵列信号处理方法,可有效恢复包含智能井管柱信息的目标信号,消除了TRD的影响,提高了瞬变电磁检测系统可靠性,为智能井多层管柱损伤检测系统性能的优化和提升提供理论基础。(2)针对多分支智能井在特定位置开窗导致的管柱结构不完整问题,提出了基于瞬变电磁偏心阵列的管柱损伤及窗口形态检测方法。基于多分支智能井复杂井身结构和窗口位置的磁场分布,建立了瞬变电磁偏心探测模型,研究了具有方位识别能力的瞬变电磁阵列探测系统,系统采用呈螺旋分布的多个偏心探头组成偏心阵列,可测取井周多个方向的套管损伤信息。在此基础上,通过对比各阵元接收响应,结合空间几何分布,提出了分支井侧钻窗口尺寸和仪器偏心距计算方法,可为多分支智能井的检修维护和超前事故预防提供理论参考。(3)针对光纤传感智能井在套管外布设光纤引起的避光纤射孔问题,提出了基于瞬变电磁环形阵列的套外光纤检测与定位方法。以套外光纤分布轨迹作为检测目标,基于不同探测位置的套管磁场分布,设计了环向高分辨瞬变电磁阵列探测系统。考虑井眼尺寸及工具设计复杂度,采用环形巨磁阻(Giant magnetoresistance,GMR)传感器阵列替代传统的接收线圈,实现井周高分辨率方位维数据的获取。在此基础上,针对32通道GMR接收传感器的信号采集,设计了基于菊花链的井下环形阵列多通道采集系统。最后,研究了基于环形阵列的套外光纤高分辨识别方法,可实现光纤传感智能井套外光纤高精度、高效探测与定位,为避光纤定向射孔提供重要依据。(4)针对分层注采管柱大规模应用伴随的管柱结构复杂和非对称损伤检测等问题,提出了基于瞬变电磁圆柱阵列的产层段多层管柱在线监测和非对称损伤高分辨率定量检测方法。在分析有缆电控智能分层注采系统管柱结构的基础上,建立了井下安全阀、Y接头、封隔器等特殊部件的仿真模型。在此基础上,借助永置式井下智能监测系统布设有单芯钢管电缆的优势,设计了基于瞬变电磁圆柱阵列的产层段多层管柱在线监测系统,并利用圆柱阵列引入的方位维数据,提出了智能井管柱非对称损伤环向宽度和径向穿透深度定量检测方法,解决了非对称损伤三维形态检测问题,可为分层注采智能井多层管柱高精度检测提供理论指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the deepening of oil and gas resource exploitation,the oil and gas reservoir environment are becoming more and more complex and exploitation difficulty is increasing.The traditional general completion method is no longer able to meet the needs of production management and optimization for complex oil and gas wells with special structures.The research and development of intelligent well systems and related technologies have provided solutions to solving the above problems.However,the structure of the intelligent well string is much more complex than the conventional general completion string.If there is a lack of a matching intelligent well string inspection system,the effectiveness of injection and production will be directly affected.In severe cases,it will reduce the service life of oil and water wells,and even cause safety accidents.Taking several common intelligent well types as examples,the multi-pipe string inspection method for different types of intelligent wells based on transient electromagnetic(TEM)array was studied,and the high-resolution signal processing method was proposed,which can be used for window shape inspection in multi-branch well,optical cable inspection and positioning outside casing in fiber-optic sensing intelligent well,special structure inspection and asymmetric defect quantitative explanation for layered injection and production pipe strings.The main work and research results of the paper are as follows:(1)Against the issue that the transmitting–receiving distance(TRD)of the TEM intelligent well inspection system with single-transmitter single-receiver will affect the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and resolution,a maximum SNR method based on the TEM linear array was studied,which can reduce the impact of TRD on the received signal and improve the SNR of the TEM inspection system.On this basis,a sparse array-based multi-pipe string inspection method is proposed,which can solve the ill-condition problem of optimal weights and save computational costs.Finally,a TEM array signal processing method based on compressive sensing was proposed,which can effectively reconstruct target signals containing information about intelligent well pipes,eliminate the influence of TRD,improve the reliability of TEM systems,and provide a theoretical basis for optimizing and improving the performance of intelligent well multi-pipe string inspection systems.(2)A pipe string and window shape inspection method based on a TEM eccentric array was proposed to address the problem of incomplete pipe structure caused by sidetrack drilling at specific positions in multi-branch intelligent wells.On the basis of the magnetic field distribution of complex wellbore structure,the TEM eccentricity inspection model was established and the TEM array inspection system with azimuth recognition ability was studied.Furthermore,multiple eccentric sensors with spiral distribution are utilized to form an eccentric array to realize casing inspection in multiple directions.By comparing the TEM response of each array element,the window size and sidetracking angle calculation methods were studied,which provides a theoretical reference for the maintenance and advanced accident prevention of multi-branch intelligent wells.(3)For the issue of avoiding fiber-optic perforation caused by the placement of fiber optics outside the casing,a method for detecting and positioning fiber optics behind the casing based on a TEM circular array is proposed.Taking the distribution trajectory of fiber optics as the detection target,a TEM array detection system with high azimuthal resolution is studied based on the magnetic field distribution at different detection positions in optical fiber sensing intelligent well.Considering the size of the wellbore and tool design complexity,a circular giant magnetoresistance(GMR)sensor array is used to replace the traditional receiving coil,achieving high-resolution azimuth data acquisition around the wellbore,and a multi-channel data acquisition system based on a daisy chain for 32-channel GMR receiving sensors is designed.Also,a high-resolution identification method for fiber optics outside casing based on circular TEM array was presented to realize the highly efficient detection and positioning of fiber optics,providing important guidance for directional perforation avoiding fiber optics.(4)In response to the complex structure and asymmetric defect inspection problems associated with the large-scale application of layered injection and production wellbore,a cylinder array-based TEM system for online monitoring of multi-pipe strings in the production layer and high-resolution quantitative inspection of asymmetric damage were proposed.Based on the analysis of the string structure of the intelligent layered injection and production system,a simulation model for special structures such as downhole safety valves,Y connectors,and packers was established.On this basis,taking the advantages of a permanent downhole intelligent monitoring system equipped with single-core steel pipe cables,an online monitoring system for the multi-pipe string in production layers based on a TEM cylinder array was designed.Using the array azimuth data,a quantitative inspection method for the asymmetric defect was proposed to calculate the circumferential width and radial penetration depth,solving the problem of three-dimensional morphology inspection for asymmetric damage.It can provide theoretical guidance for the high-precision inspection of multi-pipe strings in layered injection and production intelligent wells.更多还原