【作者】 孙亮；

【导师】 丁俊萍；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 马克思主义中国化研究， 2020， 博士

【摘要】 中国共产党是一个纪律严明的马克思主义政党,自建党之日起就重视党内法规制度建设。作为民主革命时期党的一项组织制度,巡视制度滥觞于建党之时,创设于大革命失败之际,重塑于土地革命之初,转向于全面抗战之后。经过了建国后的曲折发展,新时代中国共产党巡视制度已演变为全面从严治党的政党公器和党内监督的战略性制度安排。系统研究民主革命时期党的巡视制度,一则有助于梳理出巡视制度的来龙去脉,以澄清认识误区、总结历史规律、汲取历史经验。二则为新时代中国共产党提供资政辅治之参考,推动新时代中国共产党巡视工作行稳致远,增强制度自信。作为马克思主义政党的中国共产党,对其制度研究应遵循马克思主义理论研究范式。除此之外,在民主革命时期中国共产党巡视制度的研究上结合了史学、社会学等相关学科,以文献研读法为主,以大量的档案文献和史料汇编为材料支撑,横向分析,纵向比较。无征不信,论从史出。在中国共产党巡视制度的本源的问题上,有学者持俄共(布)制度移植说,也有学者持古代中国传统制度继承说。对此,学界各执一端,尚无定论。上述两种论断都是一种简单的二元对立论。只看到了事物发展的一个方面,而忽视或忽略了事物发展的另外一面。从制度本源上而看,中国共产党巡视制度是以俄共制度为体,以古代传统制度为形,形体结合,从而为实现民主革命中国共产党巡视制度的重塑和新生提供了制度支撑。从实践上而言,民主革命时期中国共产党巡视制度既是共产党应对困局的客观产物,也是中国共产党组织发展的必然结果。1928年10月,《巡视条例》的颁布标志着民主革命时期中国共产党巡视制度的正式创设。1931年5月,《中央巡视条例》的颁布则进一步完善了党的巡视制度。土地革命初期是中国共产党巡视实践最为活跃时期。随着第五次反围剿的失败以及全面抗战的爆发,中国共产党革命任务、革命环境发生了重大变化,受此影响党的巡视制度日渐式微。狭义上而言,中国共产党巡视主体是各级巡视员。根据不同的划分方式,可以把民主革命时期党的巡视员群体划分为兼职巡视员与专职巡视员、中央巡视员与省委巡视员等多种类型。在选派巡视员的过程中,中国共产党形成了“以事择人”“工农优先”“选贤任能”等多种选人导向。民主革命时期中国共产党巡视任务可分为首要巡视任务、基本巡视任务和突发巡视任务等多种类型。首要巡视任务是传达解释共产国际相关决议指示和贯彻执行中共中央相关路线策略。与此相对应,民主革命时期中国共产党巡视制度首要功能在于协调中国共产党与共产国际的关系。除此之外,其还具有维护中共中央权威、恢复与整顿地方党部、获取相关指示与信息、解决党内纠纷以及教育与选拔干部等重要功能。制度设置目标和制度实施效果之间常存在偏离,巡视制度也概莫能外。巡视制度是政党公器,应谨防异化为擅权专恣的政治工具。巡视员应对下级党部应指导与帮助,而不能代替或包办。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Communist Party of China(CPC)is a Marxist political party with strict discipline.As an organizational system of the Party in the democratic revolution period,the inspection system originated from the founding of the Party,was established when the great Revolution failed,was remade at the beginning of the agrarian revolution,and shifted to after the comprehensive war of resistance against Japanese aggression.After the tortuous development after the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the inspection system of the CPC in the new era has evolved into a strategic institutional arrangement for party publicity and intra-party supervision.A systematic study of the party’s inspection system during the democratic revolution is conducive to sorting out the context of the inspection system and to clarifying misunderstanding,summarizing historical rules and drawing historical experience.The second is to provide reference for the CPC in the new era in the administration of senior officials and auxiliary officials,promote the CPC’s inspection work in the new era to make steady progress,and enhance the confidence of the system.The Communist Party of China,as a Marxist party,should follow the paradigm of Marxist theoretical research on its system.In addition,in the period of the democratic revolution,the CPC inspection system combined with the study of history,sociology and other related disciplines,mainly by literature study,with a large number of archives and historical materials as the material support,horizontal analysis,vertical comparison.No sign not to believe,from the history of theory,the combination of history.On the question of the origin of the CPC inspection system,some scholars hold the transplantation theory of the Russian Communist Party(CPC)system,while others hold the inheritance theory of the ancient Chinese traditional system.For this reason,there is no conclusion.Both of these propositions are a simple binary opposition.See only one side of the development of things,and ignore or ignore the other side of the development of things.The inspection system of the Communist Party of China is based on the Russian Communist System,the ancient traditional system and the combination of forms,thus realizing the reconstruction and rebirth of the inspection system of the Communist Party of China in the democratic revolution.In practice,the CPC inspection system during the democratic revolution is not only the objective product of the CPC’s response to the difficulties,but also the inevitable result of the organizational development of the CPC.In October 1928,the promulgation of the Inspection Regulations marked the formal establishment of the inspection system of the Communist Party of China during the democratic revolution.In May 1931,the Regulations on Central Inspection tour was promulgated and perfected the Party’s inspection system.This period is also the most active period of the CPC’s inspection practice.With the failure of the fifth counter-campaign and the outbreak of the comprehensive war of resistance against Japanese aggression,the CPC’s revolutionary tasks and revolutionary environment have undergone major changes,which have gradually affected the party’s inspection system.In a narrow sense,the inspection subject of the Communist Party of China is inspectors at all levels.According to different ways of division,party inspectors during the democratic revolution can be divided into part-time inspectors and full-time inspectors,central inspectors and provincial party inspectors.In the process of selecting inspectors,the CPC has formed a variety of personnel guidance,such as "selecting personnel on the basis of work","giving priority to workers and peasants" and "selecting talents and talents".The inspection tasks of the CPC during the democratic revolution can be divided into primary inspection tasks,basic inspection tasks and emergent inspection tasks.The primary task of the inspection tour is to convey and interpret the relevant resolutions and instructions of the Comintern and to implement the relevant routes and strategies of the CPC Central Committee.Correspondingly,the primary function of the CPC inspection system during the democratic revolution is to coordinate the relationship between the CPC and the Comintern.In addition,it also has important functions such as maintaining the authority of the CPC Central Committee,restoring and reorganizing local Party departments,obtaining relevant instructions and information,resolving intra-party disputes,and educating and selecting cadres.The aim of system setting and the effect of system implementation often deviate from each other.Inspection system is the public organ of political parties,we should guard against alienation as a political tool of unbribed power.Inspectors should provide guidance and assistance to the lower Party departments,and should not be substituted or monopolized.更多还原